The Complex Nature Of Equiano s Identity Crisis - 1411 Words

Daniel Miret HUM3306 29 September 2014 Option Three The complex nature of Equiano’s identity crisis Equiano presents himself as an African, who is embattled with a myriad of issues enroute to a foreign land. He starts off as a normal African boy that takes pride in the family unit. His life changes as he is exposed to a life of slavery that makes him wonder just how far he would go to regain his freedom. Equaino is celebrated due to his anti-slave trade achievements, but rather criticized for a lack of authenticity in his plight to free the world of slavery. He begins his narrative with a brief insight into the person he was before being captured. We discover a identity that is in the norm for African society. He presents himself as an African from Essaka, which is in Eboe, and what is currently referred to as Nigeria. Equiano was born in 1745 and was a member of the royal family. Moreover, he presents himself as a common African boy but his family and origins state otherwise. Equiano is engaged in a family that from the onset practiced its form of slavery through ownership of serv ants. His father gives the audience a sense of hypocrisy on Equiano’s part when he rebukes slave trade. The identity of the character Equiano is immediately casted into doubt (Olaudah, 111). In retrospect, the African boy understood the dangers of abduction and was protected and aware of the incessant threat of capture. The fact remains that Equiano had his roots entrenched in a

Role Of Fair Value Accounting In Barclays Bank - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 16 Words: 4902 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Before starting Research Methods, it is vitally important to understand the real meaning of Research in general. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Research is a planned and methodical approach of finding answers to the questionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?(R Cottrell J F McKenzie; 2010) It is an organized set of actions and steps which we will follow to achieve our objectives. There are many factors in Research Method which are always done to get the most precise results. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Role Of Fair Value Accounting In Barclays Bank" essay for you Create order Research is a pre-planned method, not a spontaneous approach. It is focused and limited to a particular scope. A good research is focused on appropriate, valuable, imperative questions and their answers. If there are no questions, there is no point of doing research and similarly finding answers to those questions is the most important. Whether its an answer to a hypothesis or even a simple question. A good research is ineffective unless we find the answers to the questions. A good Research is a major key to complete a successful project, report or Dissertation because if the research is not professional and well organized, then it is nearly impossible to complete a Project or Dissertation. TYPES OF RESEARCH METHODS:- Research methods can be categorised into two types. They are:- Deductive Research and Inductive Research. In research methods, conclusions are based on these two methods. Both are widely used in research projects. DEDUCTIVE METHOD:- Deduction follows an approach which is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“top-downà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“from general to specific. Aristotle a Greek philosopher described deduction asà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Drawing conclusions by applying rules or principles; logically moving from a general rule or principle to a specific solution(www.hubpages.com/hub/Types-of-Research Dated:03-05-2010) It is the procedure of getting a conclusion that is certain to pursue, if the data given is factual and the analysis used to achieve the conclusion is right. In deductive method, the grounds (facts) give an assurance of 100% accurate conclusion. EXAMPLE OF DEDUCTIVE METHOD:- 1. There are 15 packs of cigarettes on the top-shelf of the cigarette case, 2. There are 7 packs of cigarettes on the lower-shelf of the cigarette case. 3. There are no cigarettes anywhere on the middle-shelf cigarette case From the above, it can be concluded that there are 22 packs of cigarettes in the cigarette case. INDUCTIVE METHOD: Induction method is from precise to general. In induction, we scrutinize some events, deduct a pattern and draw conclusion. This method involves moving from an exact condition to a common conclusion. This method is undefined and investigative. It does not give 100% assurance of reality but a chance of being accurate. EXAMPLE OF INDUCTION METHOD:- This coffee is hot. (Specific, based on a direct observation.) All coffees are hot. (General, can be applied to any ice) OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH METHODS: The key objectives of this research are:- To Critically Analyze the Role of Fair Value Accounting (FVA) in Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. Norbury Branch, London and what are its effects on Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. before, during and after Credit Crunch? To Investigate whether the systematic risk is associated with the financial crises of Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. or not? To Highlight the impact of market to market reporting in contributing financial difficulties for Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. To Find out the contagion of Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc with Recommendations Conclusion. KEY LITERATURE REVIEW:- An efficient banking system is an indicator of sustainable economy (Imola; 2006). Banks perform fundamental roles not only in financial system of a country but also globally due to their nature of business performance and corresponding assets policy. Banks play the role of financial intermediaries in an economy (Imola; 2006) FAIR VALUE ACCOUNTING: DEFINITION: Financial Accounting Standards define Fair Value Accounting as:à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? The price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (Whittgton; 2008) ROLE OF FAIR VALUE ACCOUNTING AND ITS BACKGROUND: In accounting, fair value is used as an estimate of the market value of an asset or liability for which a market price cannot be determined. The measurement of assets and liabilities takes place at three levels. At the first level, the fair value of an asset or liability is calculated at quoted prices if the market is active for that asset and liability. At second level, the cost of similar assets and liabilities are taken for evaluation and at last level, the market for these assets and liabilities are not available, the standard supports to use market to model approach for valuation of assets and liabilities (MacNamara; 2009). Evaluation of assets and liabilities at Level three is considered to be more problematic. This increases the manipulation risk because of non availability of market prices. (Penman; 2009) argue that for most of the loans, the quoted prices are not available in the markets. Even if the prices for these loans are available, they do not reflect the private information of these loans for banks. Therefore, to determine the fair value of these loans, different valuation models are used (Penman; 2007). Financial Accounting Standards (FAS) allows financial institutions to report their assets at level three but the opponents of (FAS) argue that it has forced banks to value troubled securities at lower prices (MacNamara; 2009). Wall Street Journal claims that the reporting of assets and liabilities on Fair Value Accounting (FVA) causes financial institutions and banks to write down their mortgage backed securities (Gold, 2008). However, most of accountants, regulators and investors defend this by arguing that it provides more accurate and transparent reflection of a companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"s position (MacNamara; 2009). Kurt N. Schacht managing director of CFA (Institute of Chartered Financial Accountants) argues that fair value measurement is only relevant information under the prevailing circumstances (Gold; 2008). ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF FAIR VALUE ACCOUNTING (FVA):- Many Banks around the world have started revising their estimates of credit losses. Several parties blame FVA for the sub prime crisis (G.Ryan; 2008). The controversy has been observed during the discussion paper on Statements of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS 2006) that the interpretations made by Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) about fair value ignored the transaction costs and entityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"s specific assumptions (Whittington; 2008). However, the advocators of FVA argue that FVA is not responsible for crisis. It is just a reporting and measurement system of assets and liabilities (Christian Laux; 2009). Wallace (2009) suggests that the fair value accounting is not the main cause of current financial crisis. He names it as a messenger of current crisis and advocates that FVA has helped us to recognize the problem earlier otherwise the situation would be much worse as compare to its current position (Wallace; 2009). Moreover, the advocators argue tha t the accounting rules contradict with framework of institutions. They point out that sometime managers make deviations from market prices due to their own interests (Christian Laux; 2009). Singleton (2006) argues that historical cost accounting is out of date and there is a strong possibility that management manipulate it. In modern era, the current values based reporting (e.g. market based) are more relevant and reliable. Henceforth, the supporters suggest that it is difficult to say that FVA is responsible for the current crisis (Singeton; 2006). The supporters further assert that under FVA, assets and liabilities are recorded at the price, at which these assets and liabilities can be sold (Gold; 2008). Thus, FVA represents the current market condition and provides accurate financial information of an entity. (Stephen; 2006). In support of FVA, Stephen Penman (2006) mentions the following points. Firstly, inventors are more interested in value not in cost. Secondly, in prevail ing situations the historical prices are not relevant to provide up to date financial position of a business. Thirdly, the fair value is based on reality of assets and liabilities actual financial position. Further, it reflects the true economic substance. Finally, as markets are efficient, they are not influenced by a single firm or business. Therefore, the information based on market prices is more relevant (Stephen; 2006). Finnegan (2009) concludes that FVA is suitable to apply in both periods e.g. when market prices are available as well as when markets are inactive and market prices are not available (I.Victor; 2009). However, the opponent asserts that FVA is irrelevant and misleading especially for those assets and liabilities which are held for long term (held to maturity).They further argue: firstly, as efficient market hypothesis theory does not always true in real life. It fails in some situations. Therefore, in the situation of inefficient market FVA provides wrong inf ormation to investors and creates liquidity problems. Secondly, FVA measurement model are not reliable and finally, FVA contributes pro cyclicality in the financial system (Mary E. Barth; 1995). In spite of all criticism, The FASB IASB believe that fair value measurement of financial assets is more relevant in producing useful financial position of firm as compare to historical cost based measurements. They argue that fair value shows the current cash equivalent of the businessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"s financial instruments rather than the price of acquisition of financial instruments (Benston; 2008). Further, supporting FVA, the former chairman of SEC Mr. Breeden, suggests that all financial institutions like banks as well as publicly held companies should report their financial position on market based because market based information are most relevant to financial attributes (Mary E. Barth; 1995). Allen and Carletti (2008) assert that banks may become insolvent with the effect of m arket to market prices. The valuation based on market prices creates instability in market prices that affect the value of banking assets and this leads to ruin banking portfolio and contagion (Mahan, 2009). However, the advocators of FVA assert that it has provided early warning of current crisis and asked banks to take corrective actions (Wallance; 2009). Mahan (2009) points out that the fair value is not a single reason of the current crisis the other factors, for example, inadequate risk management, poor lending requirements, the assessment of rating agencies and insufficient capital requirements are also contributors of these crisis. Mahan (2009) claims that the banking regulation, especially the capital requirement is also one of major reason in failure of banks. However, the logic behind the capital requirement of regulators and central bank is the same as the secured loans issue by banks to creditors to protect market from financial distress and keep insurance of market d iscipline. Recently, the London based International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) declared that they are going to change the market to market rule and will follows the United States Standard. Recently, the US companies are reporting their assets under level three categories (Morgan; 2009). BARCLAYà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s BANK PLC. CONCERN ABOUT FAIR VALUE ACCOUNTING (FVA) DURING FINANCIAL CRISIS:- Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s explain the following reasons for rejection of FVA during financial crises. Firstly, they argue the FVA is irrelevant for investors. It does not communicate the rationality (Christian Laux; 2009). Critics of FVA have accused it of pouring fuel on the fire rather than simply measuring the flame (Morley; 2008). Secondly, it is not suitable for banking industry and finally, they said fair value is inappropriate for those assets which are held for long term (i.e. held to maturity) and the assets which have no active market (i.e. for illiquid assets). In the mid of 2008, when the crisis reached at its maximum point, the bank started blaming FVA and their main focus of criticism was the valuation of liquid assets. Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s argue that FVA has played an effective role in creating these crises. On the other side of the coin, (Ball; 2000) (Leuz; 2003) suggested that investors, and other interested groups e.g. Accountants and customers ha ve opposite opinion. These interested groups are against the suspension of FVA standards. For example, during November 2008, the joint letter to SEC the Consumer Federation of America, Centre for Audit Quality, Council of Institutional Investors, Investment Management Association, and CFA Institute assert that investors are more confident on the standards (i.e. FVA) which are more transparent and report current and relevant information for valuation of financial instruments regardless of the direction of markets (Christian Laux; 2009). Nicolas (2008) argues that the illiquidity criticism spots light at the market conditions for many financial instruments. These instruments were imbalanced from August 2007 and were not reporting the true prices in markets on the basis of demand and supply principle. Most of prices did not reflect the potential to generate the future cash flows associated with an assets or investment. Nicolas (2008) further argues that fair value compelled Barclayà ƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. to record assets and liabilities on the value which is unjustified by economic conditions. Resultantly, Barclays Bank Plc. was forced to raise new capital under depressed valuation conditions to meet the legal solvency requirements which resulted in reduction in the equity value of existing shareholders. The pro-cyclicality criticism of fair value is based on the idea that when there is boost in market prices it apparently strengths the balance sheet of Barclays Bank. However, in the time of reduction in market prices, it damages the economic position of the bank more severely (Amola; 2006). Futher, Nicolas ( 2008) argues that as the studies support that markets do not work efficiently during the time of crisis when every participant is in the condition of uncertainty and market information are disordered. Therefore, the accounting standards which rely on marketà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"s information, damages the decision of ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"s users. Additionall y, he argues that criticism of pro-cyclicality of FVA is not only when markets are inactive for securities but also in the normal conditions of economy (Nicolas; 2008). Regardless of criticism of FVA, Wallace (2009) suggests that elimination of fair value standards is not solution to the problem. The government should focus on stabilizing the financial markets, rebuilding investors confidence by promoting liquidity conditions in markets and improving regulations (Wallace; 2009). Barclays Bank can overcome the shortcomings of historical cost accounting. Reporting at FVA standards, the bank can record their financial instruments including loans at fair value (market based price). Buckland (2005) also argues that for the purpose of monitoring and supervision, the supporters of FVA consider it more reliable source of information. EMPIRICAL LITERATURE REVIEW RESEARCH OBJECTIVES:- During existing literature review, I observed that mostly, the underlying subject has been discussed working papers, reports, conferences and general argumentations. The following literatures give the guidelines to understand the issues related to financial crisis, systemic risk and FVA standards. I went through the following literature to understand my topic of research. Magnan (2009) provides general overview of FVA on financial statements. He briefly explains the origins of FVA, its applications and role in the financial crisis. He believes that FVA has contributed in acceleration of financial crisis especially in banks and financial institutions (Magnon; 2009). Magnan (2009) explains, how fair value has contributed and created financial crisis? He describes that at the start of 2007, some of the financial institutionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"s (including Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Plc.) assets and liabilities drop in value and this drop in value forced these institutions to repor t assets and liabilities lower at their balance sheets. This reporting at lower value negatively affected their capital adequacy ratios (Magnan; 2009) Morley (2008) discusses the role of accounting standard setters and their comments about the FVA. Further, spotting light at the problems of FVA they argue that the sharp fall in market values of many financial instruments adversely affect the market price of these instruments. Additionally, they point out the challenges IASB is facing after the recent financial crisis. They state that the political threat to IASBà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"s independence and credibility is continuously growing. Moreover, the headlines such as, Bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"s accounting gets murkier (Wall Street Journal, November, 11, 2008). The third quarter reports of banks provide evidence that bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"s accounting system get murkier e.g. The Royal Bank of Scotland is said to have avoided booking à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¤1.4 billion of losses as a result of the rule c hange, and Deutsche Bank, Lloyds TSB and HSBC collectively are said to have avoided booking losses of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬1.5 billion (Morley; 2008). SYSTEMATIC RISK-DEFINITION:- The banking regulations were introduced in the system to avoid systemic risk in the sector (Allen; 1995). The regulators of prudential law are fully aware of the danger that systemic risk can produce in the banking sector. Systemic risk is the risk that can breakdown an entire system (Acharya; 2002). Kaufman (2003) founded that there is high correlation between systemic risk and failure of banking system in a country, a number of countries or throughout the world. Sohnke. M (2005) defines systemic risk as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ The risk of a failure of the global banking system resulting from a failure of the global inter-bank payment systemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Sohnke M; 2005). SYSTEMATIC RISK BANKING SYSTEM:- In the case of the banking industry, all banks are connecting to each other due to inter-banking transactions (Sohnke M; 2005). They have common deposits, loans, payment systems and other different indirect services to other financial institutions. Inter-banking system works within a country as well as across countries. Therefore, the adverse shock that effects on a bank in a system damages the entire system. Thus, the insolvency of one bank transforms the insolvencies of other banks in the system. The theory and evidence advocate that the danger of contagious systemic risk in the banking industry is faster and stronger as compare to any other industry (Kaufman Scott, 2003). Additionally, Kaufman (2003) suggests that the initial failure of a bank starts knock on reaction in the system. However, at the start of this shock, the other banks do not expect its transmission to them. Kaufman (2003) explains that if a bank has smaller capital to assets ratio, this means that the bank i s highly leveraged. Therefore, this set of banks transfer their insolvency to other banks in a system (Khan; 2009). Moreover, Kaufman (2003) suggests that in banks, the downward trend in the credit market affects the quality of private and public information. This information also increases the uncertainty in the credit market and badly affects these market conditions. In such situations of uncertainty no participant wants to take risks. Therefore, investors quickly transfer their funds to a safer place (Kaufman Scott; 2003). Cifuentes, Ferrucci, and Shin (2005) argue that when assets and liabilities are reported on market to market basis and there are also external solvency requirements (e.g. prudential regulation), these situations lead to increase of risk in the financial system. They further argue that when the prices of assets are falling, these assets disrupt the solvency ratio of firms. Prudential regulations in banking system demand banks to maintain capital reserves for their solvency in estimation of risk associated with institutions (Khan; 2009). Plantin (2008) has observed that banks sell their assets when prices of assets were falling and purchased assets when prices were rising. Such acts of banks increased the volatility in market prices which increased the probability of rise in the systemic risk in banking sector. MARKET TO MARKET REPORTING FAIR VALUE ACCOUNTING:- Plannutin (2008) suggest that when markets are inactive, FVA becomes more inefficient as compare to historical based accounting (Plannutin G; 2008). As market to market accounting increases the probability of pro-cyclical trades that creates the illiquidity situation in markets. The logic behind is that when the market is illiquid for particular assets as compare to other assets which have active market, the sale of assets adversely affects the price of assets and firm for whom there is no seller or buyer ( Khan; 2008). Therefore, it can be argued that under the FVA reporting (which is based on market to market), prices of assets and liabilities further decline prices of assets and liabilities for which no markets exist. Further, in such situations of uncertainty, the management of these firms sell these assets at lower prices. In reaction to this, pro-cyclical trades starts which increase the overall risk especially in the banking sector. Therefore, we can understand that durin g the recent financial crisis, how the FVA is associated with the systemic risk of banking system? As the market for banking assets became illiquid during the financial crisis and sale of assets of other firms increased pressure on bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"s management to sell their asset at lower prices (Pollock A 2008). JUSTIFICATION:- Why I have chosen the role fair value accounting in Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc.? Being a student of MBA Banking and finance, this topic will give me a unique opportunity to cover both fields of my MBA in one research i.e Banking as well as Finance. Fair value accounting will help me to learn about the finance and financial crises while FVAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s role in Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. will give me a chance to understand more about UK Banking system. This topic will also provide me empirical evidence about the role of fair value accounting in Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. I have a strong desire to built my career in Banking or Finance sector in future as those two fields are of my interest so definitely, this topic will be help me to achieve my future goals. It is also pertinent to mention here that three of my close friendà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s working in Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. (two of them working in the same branch i.e.Norbury, lond on) which will give me an easy access to the data to complete my research methods/dissertation without any hurdles. HYPOTHESIS:- To make an assumption or prediction about any research is not an easy thing to do but on the basis of literature review, I can predict that the role of Fair Value Accounting (FVA) in Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. has a positive effect on UK Banking industry as (Nicolas; 2008) argues that Fair Value Accounting compelled Banks to record assets and liabilities on the value which is unjustified by economic conditions and it has played an important role in Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. success during credit crunch. I can also predict that the systematic risk is not associated with the financial crisis of Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. and by highlighting the impact of market to market reporting in financial difficulties for Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc, It is assumed that its contribution for the banking industry was vital during financial crisis. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:- Research methodology consists of two types of research. They are:- Primary Research. Secondary Research. PRIMARY RESEARCH:- Primary Research is research which is used to gather statistics for a precise task. Types of primary data collection methods include:- Personal Observation:  The observation of the respondent by a skilled observer or by electronic tools e.g camera, video. The aim is to observe customer response and activities to a product or consumer service. Personal Interviews:  Face to face interview between an interviewer and the respondent. ADVANTAGES OF PERSONAL INTERVIEWS:- In detail answers achievable. Qualitative statistics can be obtained from small sample. Observation improves precision. Understanding leads to less refusals. DISADVANTAGES OF PERSONAL INTERVIEWS:- Costs qualified Interviewer expensive. Interviewer bias. Difficult to get an appointment if the interviewer is a busy person. Invasion of privac y. FINDINGS ANALYSIS-PRIMARY RESEARCH:- SCOPE OF QUALITATIVE METHOD:- To collect the primary data for my qualitative analysis, Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ll develop questionnaires to identify answers of the research questions in the dissertation. Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ll follow (B Healey; 2005) approach who developed close ended questionnaires with check boxes to answer these questions. Gannon (2001) asserts that amongst all the other research techniques, the questionnaires have been given high priority due to negligible cost and scope for easy evaluation they offer. Close ended questionnaires are one of the most common used tools for getting opinions ( L H Wang; 2006). Further, it is an adequate way to get the opinion of experts from the relevant field of research that has good representation of practical experiences and expert knowledge. Underneath this logic, most of companies, Banks and government agencies use this method to collect information. LIMITATIONS OF QUALITATIVE METHOD: Gannon (2001) critics that the information gathered as the results of questionnaires are limited because mostly questions ask in questionnaire allow only positive or negative response. Additionally, it is pragmatic that sometime the respondents refuse to answer certain questions or giving their answers in hazel and even sometime do not read the questions (Sproull; 2001). Chambers and Pretty claim that in spite of problem with answering the questionnaires, it was considered that it is time consuming, expensive and not suitable for reaching at conclusion ( Marslan; 2001) . SECONDARY RESEARCH:- Secondary research is the most general research method engaged in the every field today. It involves dealing out facts figures that has already been collected by a different party. With this research, researchers will check with previous studies and findings such as reports, press articles and earlier market research projects in order to come to a conclusion. This has comparatively low cost in comparison to  primary research. TYPES OF SECONDARY RESEARCH:- There are different types of resources offered for secondary research. The most well-known are: Published statistics: survey, housing and social security statistics Published texts: abstract work, secondary analysis by  experts  and reports Media: documentaries as a source of information Personal documents: diaries ADVANTAGES:- Economical and reachable especially at University/College Library. Often the only source, for example historical documents Books. Only way to look at major trends. DISADVANTAGES:- Lack of stability of perception. Biases and inaccuracy can not be checked Available data often increase more questions than they answer. The worry over whether  any  statistics can be completely detached from the perspective of its gathering or not. FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS-SECONDARY RESEARCH:- SCOPE OF QUANTITATIVE METHOD:- Prior to 2004, UK firms and Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. were preparing their financial statements according to UK GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles). 2005 was the first year when International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) and UK Accounting Standard Board asked UK firms Banks including Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. to prepare and report their financial statements at IFRS. (Ormrod; 2007). Additionally, Gannon and Ashwal claim that more than hundred countries worldwide use International Accounting Standards on either a compulsory or on a permitted basis and more countries are expected to follow in the near future.(Ormrod; 2007). Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ll consider year 2005 when Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. adopted IFRS as start of FVA regime. Henceforth, year 2005 to date, Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ll take as my sample period for quantitative testing. Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ll use secondary data sources to gather information for quantitative analysis eg B arclays website, Journals, Books. Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ll collect the details of assets and liabilities which are reported at fair value of different banks from the web sites of these banks and then Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ll compare them with Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. This study will provide me evidence that the difference between reporting assets and liabilities at fair value and book value on investment securities explains the share prices of insurance companies and banks as (Penman; 2007) described. LIMITATIONS OF QUANTITATIVE METHOD:- Mirosevich (2008) argues that most of quantitative methods are based on classical tests which produce correct results only when underlying assumptions are fulfilled. These tests produce incorrect P-values, effect sizes and confidence intervals when they violate the key assumptions to calculate P- values. Therefore, the evaluations of these results mislead the research objectivity (Mirosevich; 2008). The researchers observed that the assumptions made under quantitative methods to test hypotheses are mostly not correct in real life. Many factors are to be considered constant or assumed not affecting the dependent variables. Therefore, the results obtain from such tests are sometimes misleading the research goals (Mirosevich; 2008). RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION:- The debate of costs and benefits of fair value will go on and the analyses conducted in this study are considered to be a new addition to literature which addresses important and complex issues of FVA in current debate of accounting usefulness. These issues require further investigative studies. The financial crisis has made clear that the financial statements organizers need additional guidance to calculate fair values in illiquid markets. Users of these financial reports need better disclosures of financial information especially at the critical level 3 inputs. The users of financial information are interested to analyse the sensitivity of fair value measurements and its influence on the Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. Accounting standard-setters need to consider the demands of interested parties and issue guidance and disclosures accordingly. Preparers need to provide these disclosures in an informative fashion, and users must analyze them carefully and dispassionately. Additionally, accounting researchers and teachers can contribute to all of these processes. Indeed, for all of us who care about accounting and its role in the economy, there is much work need to be done (G.Ryan; 2008). Further, I believe that more time and research is required to determine reality that whether FVA has played its role in failure of Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. or not? To understand the role of FVA seems vital for future developments and implementations of accounting standards in Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. Additionally, future studies of FVA will give new shape and directions to financial reporting framework. I hope that over next few years, most likely the conduct of lot of empirical studies will give us a distinct answer to the question about the role of FVA in Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. during financial crisis. The debate of FVA mainly revolves around the issues cost and benefit of reporting assets and liabilities at fair value an d its role during financial crisis. The researchers such as Penman (2007) Simatupang (2009) Kevin (2009) Magnan (2009) and Khan (2009) are enthusiastic to determine the appropriateness of FVA and its link to increase systemic risk in Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. The role of accounting is to provide useful information to users of financial statements (Ryan; 2009). The advocates of FVA assert that it provides critical information to users of financial statements which help them to take their economic decisions.

The Ultimate Question - 2449 Words

The Ultimate Questions First let me start off my paper by giving thanks. I would like to thank you Lord for loving me enough that he thought I was worth saving and worth keeping. He gave his life for mine, if this wasn’t so my presences would not be here. He put into place a Church and its leaders that helped with my feedings of the words of God and as I listened my life began to change. My relationship with him grew personally as well as my spiritually again thank you. Being in this course the History of Ecclesiology and Polity, it has taught me many things about the difference in denominations of the church. In the Pauline letters Paul who was a minister of Christ Jesus wanted us to know what were the structures and order of the Gentile churches of his day. He also wanted today’s church to know the normative structures and order as well. Jesus was exceptionally clear on how he wishes His church to be organized and managed here on earth in His word. Jesus first wanted us to know that he is the head and highest authority of the church. â€Å"And he is the head of the body, the church; he is the beginning and the firstborn from among the dead, so that in everything he might have the supremacy† (Colossians 1:18 NIV). Paul during his time delegated authority to help co-work and represent him in the administration of his churches. For example the Missionary letter of Timothy â€Å"We sent Timothy, who is our brother and co-worker in God’s service in spreading the gospel of Christ, toShow MoreRelatedThe Ultimate Question2520 Words   |  11 PagesThe Ultimate Questions First, let me start off my paper by giving thanks. I would like to thank you Lord for loving me enough that he thought I was worth saving and worth keeping. He gave his life for mine, if this wasn’t so my presences would not be here. He put in place a Church and its leaders that helped with my feedings of the words of God and as I listened my life began to change. My relationship with him grew personally as well as my spiritually again thank you. Being in this course the HistoryRead MoreSociety Today Is Obsessed With The Ultimate Question, When1508 Words   |  7 PagesSociety today is obsessed with the ultimate question, when is this all going to come crashing down? à ¢ The end is near,à ¢ is the reoccurring theme in many hit movies, and television series. Consumers are eating this type of entertainment up. In part, because people are naturally drawn to the unknown. The end of the world is romanticized in today s culture. From Y2K to an ancient Mayan prophecy, the interest from the population is astounding. In Efrim Menuckà ¢ s poem à ¢ Dead Flag Blues,à ¢ he paintsRead MoreThe Net Promoter Score: Ultimate Question by Frederick Reichheld2932 Words   |  12 PagesNet Promoter Score is becoming an increasingly popular tool used by many companies who try to assess customer loyalty. The Net Promoter Score is based from a model developed by Frederick Reichheld in the book, â€Å"The Ultimate Question† (Beyond 2). The system helps measure customer loyalty between an organization and a consumer. The Net Promoter score was designed on an 11-point scale from (0 to 10) and it separates the customers into promoters, passives and detractors (beyond 2). Promoters are peopleRead MoreQuestions On The s 10 Ultimate Tips On Online Habits And Gain More Self Confidence 1984 Words   |  8 Pages10 Ultimate Tips to Power Your Mindset and Gain More Self Confidence By Jay K Hiller | Submitted On July 21, 2013 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Jay K Hiller Self confidence plays suchRead MoreEthical Theory And The Classical And Modern Answers1181 Words   |  5 Pagesthe decisive question of ethical theory and the classical and modern answers to this question. What is the essence of human beings? This is the decisive fundamental question dealing with ethical theory. It brings into question what humans really are. Are we more like animals, or more rational, or something completely different? While the neutral definition of human beings is defined as rational animals, modern and classical philosophy have attempted to explore and answer the question more in depthRead MoreCome, Follow Me Essay1069 Words   |  5 Pageslife and finally be able to reach that ultimate goal or obstacle and complete it. In this completion, a human finds their ultimate meaning or value. When thinking of where your morality is derived from and what rules you set for yourself, your mind tends to wonder. â€Å"Come, Follow Me† (Mark 1:17) Humans are/were called into existence. The Christian moral life as discipleship raises questions of ultimate meaning and value, and offers answers to these questions: what is the call for discipleship, whoRead MoreMuhammad Ali Once Said, â€Å"Friendship Is The Hardest Thing1411 Words   |  6 Pagescrucial for us to be able to explain what it means to have friendship. Through his ideas illustrated within Question 23 and Question 27, Thomas Aquinas would define the relationship between Achilles and Patroclus from Homer’s The Iliad as a charitable and virtuous friendship based off of the actions and intentions. Thomas Aquinas, a Dominican Priest in the 13th century aimed to answer the question â€Å"How can we talk about and organize theology?† Being a priest of that time, he had many interesting viewsRead MoreThe Word Of God Is An Essential Component Of The Foundation Of One s Faith1625 Words   |  7 PagesGroup A: Question 1 The Word of God is an essential component of the foundation of one s faith. Ultimately, the concepts that are disclosed through the Word of God are those that the believer abides to throughout the theological journey is his or her life. First, we must understand what the Word of God is and how it functions as a sacrament. In essence, the Word of God is the manifestation of Jesus Christ himself but more importantly, the Word of God is the word of God s grace. Now, one can beginRead MoreAn Analysis of Plato’s Allegory of the Cave and the Importance of Light in Discovering Truth1139 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Republic, Plato introduces a philosophy that transcends the exclusivity of the contemplative and the active lives. He defines the ultimate truth as â€Å"aletheia†, which literally translates to mean â€Å"unhidden† or â€Å"that which does not remain unnoticed†. Through his use of the term and his allegory of the cave, Plato makes the strong implic ation that philosophers must actively seek to discover the absolute truth, rather than relying on traditional methods of contemplation and the persuasive toneRead MoreDiscrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination1169 Words   |  5 Pagesd.).) Some of these laws are Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, Age Discrimination in Employment Act, Americans With Disabilities Act, Equal Pay Act, Immigration Reform and Control Act, Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the Fourteenth Amendment. (The Ultimate Guide to Employee Discrimination Laws. (n.d.)) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act denies any fellow employees to discriminate against other employees on race, color, religion, sex, and national origin. (What Laws Make Discrimination in Employment

Christian Leadership Essay - 2455 Words

Nations crumble, churches and business fail, families become dysfunctional, children lose their way, and men stray from God for one disturbing reason; lack of leadership. These failures are often because of the lack of instruction, proper leadership, and confusion over what Christian leadership is and how that leadership is applicable to every facet of business and personal life. The Webster Dictionary defines leadership as an office or position, the capacity to lead, the act or an instance of leading (Inc, 2011). Leader is defined as; a person who directs a military force or unit, a person who has commanding authority or influence (Inc, 2011). The Army defines leadership as the process of influencing people by providing purpose,†¦show more content†¦In 1 Samuel 8:10-18, God said, This is what the king who will reign over you will do: He will take your sons and make serve with his chariots and horses, and they will run in front of his chariots†¦. and others to plow his ground and reap his harvest†¦ He will take the best of your fields and vineyards and olive groves and give them to his attendants†¦. He will take a tenth of your grain and of your vintage and give it to his officials and attendants. Your menservants and maidservants and the best of your cattle and donkeys he will take for his own use. He will take a tenth of your flocks, and you yourselves will become his slaves. When that day comes, you will cry out for relief from the king you have chosen, and the LORD will not answer you in that day (Zondervan, 2002 pg 387) Nations fail because God’s people have turned to men for answers and not to God and as a result we seek our will and not God’s. We turn from him because we think we know better. Unfortunately, we make ourselves out to be fools by doing so. Those nations have failed because they fall into a cycle that has been repeated over and over, yet man refused to take heed. In the book The Fourth Turning,William Strauss and Niel Howe discovered that nations go through four cycles the first one compromising of an era of strengthening institutions and weakening individualism, a second one of an spiritual upheaval, the third era is one of strengthening individualism andShow MoreRelatedChristian Leadership : A Christian Leader1048 Words   |  5 Pageshas the authority to speak on Christian leadership, it is Henri Nouwen because of his professorship at Ivy League Universities and long-standing role as a priest. Yet Nouwen leans not on either of these credentials; instead, he shares h is reflections on leadership that he learned while serving at Daybreak community for handicapped people. What is more, Nouwen learned the most amazing leadership principles when he was asked to speak in Washington D. C. on leadership and Daybreak sent a resident namedRead MoreChristian Leadership2395 Words   |  10 PagesChristian Leadership Author’s Name Title of the Course Instructor’s Name Date Introduction to Christian Leadership Leadership scholars have presented many theories in understanding leadership. However, making sense of hundreds of books and thousands of studies is a complicated task, which is why many mistakenly think that leadership is an indefinable phenomenon. Some of us presume complete authority in our own favored ways. Novel leaders often discard the entire system used by theRead MoreChristian Worldview of Leadership2310 Words   |  10 PagesChristian Worldview of Leadership Introduction The Christian worldview of leadership is distinctly different from most secular views on the subject. In the secular, leadership tends to be viewed primarily in terms of a company’s bottom line and how well the leader can urge employees to produce more and better work. That view is profit-centered rather than person-centered, and it does not give much attention to employees’ human needs and qualities nor on how developing excellent work relationshipsRead MoreChristian Leadership Essay1920 Words   |  8 Pagesfail, families become dysfunctional, children lose their way, and men stray from God for one disturbing reason; lack of leadership. These failures are often because of the lack of instruction, proper leadership, and confusion over what Christian leadership is and how that leadership is applicable to every facet of business and personal life. The Webster Dictionary defines leadership as an office or position, the capacity to lead, the act or an instance of leading (Merriam-Webster, 2011). Leader isRead MoreChristian Leadership Paper1278 Words   |  6 PagesPhilosophy of Christian Leadership Paper I never thought to be a Christian leader. As a matter of fact, I am a person who did not know about God for 26 years. I was the center of my life, and there was no room for God to enter. Even when I was attending church service, I was trying not to be exposed to other church people. In other words, I was the kind of person who was afraid to walk into a life of faith. However, in the past three years, God has changed me in many ways, and showed me so manyRead MoreTheology of Christian Leadership Essay1619 Words   |  7 PagesLIBERTY THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY Theology of Christian Leadership LEAD 520 – D01 LUO The Life of Leaders December 11, 2013 Table of Contents I. Introduction 3 II. What is Leadership 3 III. Christian Leadership 3 IV. Biblical Perspective 4 V. Servant Leadership 5 VI. Leadership Disciplines 6 VII. Conclusion 7 VIII. Bibliography 8 â€Æ' Introduction According to Bill Hull, â€Å"While certain pocketsRead MoreLeadership From A Christian Worldview Essay6377 Words   |  26 PagesIntroduction From a personal perspective, leadership from a Christian worldview is about transforming your skills, abilities, and knowledge of the vision of life, beliefs, values, and principles. Due to the differing worldviews as a leader from a secular or biblical perspective, the ways of life as a leader divert the values that guide us, beliefs that direct us, and principles that motivate us to act or behave a certain way. Jesus lives in disciples, and we should all be living as his light andRead MoreThe Debate Between Leadership And Christian Groups1239 Words   |  5 PagesOver the past number of years I have heard many arguments against leadership in Christian groups. Shall we account it to liberalism? Perhaps progressive thoughts? Or is it to be expected in post-modern Christianity? I hope this does not come as too much of a shock, but personally I think it is absurd, and hopefully many others will agree with me. But I will probably not be able to convince you, will I? Thus let us turn to the source of all wisdom and knowledge, the Bible: Let everyone put himselfRead MoreLeadership And Management Vs. Christian Worldview833 Words   |  4 Pagesheart has an everlasting impact on the individual he leads. A Christian leader is not only able to share their love of God with others but they are also able to open their hearts to their employees and help them find what they are missing in their lives. This paper will cover what leadership and management are and the difference and similarities between them and how they correlate to the Christian worldview. Leadership Leadership is about being proactive and having the initiative to implementRead MoreOrganizational Management And Leadership : A Christian Perspective Essay802 Words   |  4 PagesDiscussion Board 1: Managerial Roles Definition: â€Å"Managerial roles are tasks a manager is expected to perform based on the position he or she holds in the organization.† Satterlee, A. (2013). Organizational management and leadership: A Christian perspective. (2nd ed). North Carolina: Synergistics International Inc. Summary: Over the past two decades, since Henry Mintzberg undertook a study about managerial roles, they have undergone dramatic transformation in an increasingly competitive global

Benefit of Hipaa Free Essays

Benefits of HIPAA Larasha McAllister Kaplan University HS210: Medical Office Management Traci Clark March 18, 2013 Benefits of HIPAA How does the HIPAA Privacy and Security rule, benefit the healthcare industry? When all the commotion and fear related to HIPAA begins to subside, patient, health plan, healthcare providers and health care organization will recognize that HIPAA regulations benefit them. Who can argue with the benefits of reducing paper in healthcare industry? Also who will argue, against the benefit of standardized data, especially for the coordination of insurance benefit is simplification of data submission through standard transaction and code sets? Provider and health plan overhead cost reduction through standardization. A main benefit of healthcare industry begin required to use HIPAA standard data and format is that everyone sending claims will be doing it with the sane data elements and the same format. We will write a custom essay sample on Benefit of Hipaa or any similar topic only for you Order Now For instance, this allows billing offices to make away from having the accommodate different data and format needs for different payers(Young,2007). How does the HIPAA Privacy and Security rule benefit the patient? It benefits the patient by giving the patient more control over their medical records. Also patients are able to make informed choice regarding how their personal health information is used. Another benefit is it reduces the chance for inappropriate use and disclosure their personal information. Patients also benefit by the limit release of information to the minimum reasonably needed for the purpose of the disclosure. It empowers individuals to control certain uses and disclosure of their health information. The last benefit is it gives patients the right to examine and obtain a copy of their own health records and request corrections (Fryar, 2005). How does the HIPAA Privacy and Security rule benefit the physician? It benefits the physician by setting boundaries for the use and release of health records. It also helps establish appropriate safeguard that health care providers and others must achieve to protect the privacy of health information. It holds violators accountable with civil and criminal penalties that can be imposed if they violate patient’s privacy rights. Another benefit is that it strikes a balance when possible responsibility supports disclosure of some form of data (Fryar, 2005). Reference Fryar, D. National Military Family Association, (2005). What is hipaa and what does it mean for me?. Retrieved from website: Military. com Young, A. P. (2007). Kinn’s the administrative medical assistant: An applied learning approach (6th ed. ). St. Louis, MO:Â   Saunders Elsevier How to cite Benefit of Hipaa, Essay examples

Self Awareness Sample Essay Example For Students

Self Awareness Sample Essay Self Awareness is holding a clear perceptual experience of your personality. including strengths. failings. ideas. beliefs. motive. and emotions. Self Awareness allows you to understand other people. how they perceive you. your attitude and your responses to them in the minute. We might rapidly presume that we are self cognizant. but it is helpful to hold a comparative graduated table for consciousness. If you have of all time been in an car accident you may hold experienced everything go oning in slow gesture and detecting inside informations of your thought procedure and the event. This is a province if heightened consciousness. With pattern we can larn to prosecute these types of heightened provinces and see new chances for readings in our ideas. emotions. and conversations. Why Develop Self Awareness? As you develop self awareness you are able to do alterations in the ideas and readings you make in your head. Changing the readings in your head allows you to alter your emotions. Self consciousness is one of the properties of Emotional Intelligence and an of import factor in accomplishing success. Self consciousness is the first measure in making what you want and get the hanging your. Where you concentrate your attending. your emotions. reactions. personality and behavior determine where you go in life. Having self awareness allows you to see where your ideas and emotions are taking you. It besides allows you to see the controls of your emotions. behavior. and personality so you can do alterations you want. Until you are cognizant in the minute of the controls to your ideas. emotions. words. and behavior. you will hold trouble doing alterations in the way of your life. Self Awareness in Relationships Relationships are easy until there is emotional convulsion. This is the same whether you are at work or in your personal life. When you can alter the reading in your head of what you think you can alter your emotions and switch the emotional quality of your relationships. When you can alter the emotions in your relationships you open up wholly new possibilities your life. Having a clear apprehension of your idea and. behavior forms helps you understand other people. This ability to sympathize facilitates better personal and professional relationships. Develop Self Awareness Self consciousness is developed through patterns in concentrating your attending on the inside informations of your personality and behavior. It isn’t learned from reading a book. When you read a book you are concentrating your attending on the conceptual thoughts in the book. With your attending in a book you are practising non paying attending to your ain behavior. emotions and personality. Think of larning to be aware and self cognizant as larning to dance. When larning to dance we have to pay attending to how and where our pess move. our custodies and organic structure gesture. what our spouse is making. music. round. floor infinite. and other terpsichoreans. Self awareness isn’t learned from books and the Tango isn’t either. In my old ages of survey and working with clients I have discovered many utile techniques that accelerate the acquisition. I have incorporated these techniques into the Self Mastery audio class. The first four Sessionss are available free. In the procedure of these Sessionss I am non stating anybody what to believe. how they should believe. or what they should make. I am fundamentally sharing with people exercisings in raising their ego consciousness. When you become more self aware you instinctively begin to see facets of your personality and behavior that you didn’t notice earlier. If you have an emotional reaction of choler or defeat. you notice many of the ideas and little triggers that build up towards those emotions. You besides notice minutes when you can alter the readings in your head. or non believe what we are believing. In this heightened consciousness you instinctively make better picks in your thought procedure long before an emotional reaction or destructive behavior. Making alterations in your behavior is much easier to make when you catch them early in the dynamic. before the impulse of idea and emotion has gathered steam. The alterations in your head . and behaviour become simple and easy stairss when you develop self consciousness. Self-Awareness Theory .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0 , .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0 .postImageUrl , .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0 , .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0:hover , .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0:visited , .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0:active { border:0!important; } .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0:active , .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0 .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: ANIMAL SUFFERING: LEARNING NOT TO CARE AND NOT TO EssaySelf-Awareness Theory provinces that when we focus our attending on ourselves. we evaluate and compare our current behavior to our internal criterions and values. We become self-aware as nonsubjective judges of ourselves. However self-awareness is non to be confused with self-consciousness. Assorted emotional provinces are intensified by self-awareness. However. some people may seek to increase their self-awareness through these mercantile establishments. Peoples are more likely to aline their behavior with their criterions when made self-aware. Peoples will be negatively affected if they don’t live up to their personal criterions. Assorted environmental cues and state of affairss induce consciousness of the ego. such as mirrors. an audience. or being videotaped or recorded. These cues besides increase truth of personal memory. In Demetriou’s theory. one of the neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development. self-awareness develops consistently from birth through the life span and it is a major factor for the development of general illative procedures. Furthermore. a series of recent surveies showed that self-awareness about cognitive procedures participates in general intelligence on a par with treating efficiency maps. such as working memory. treating velocity. and concluding. In psychological science. the construct of â€Å"self-awareness† is used in different ways: * As a signifier of intelligence. self-awareness can be an apprehension of one’s ain cognition. attitudes. and opinions– a critical apprehension of oneself. Surprisingly we do non hold a privileged entree to our ain sentiments and knowledge straight. For case. if we try to recite all the members of any conceptual class we know. our production falls much short o f our acknowledgment of members of that class.

Essay on The Cyber Security Of Communications Systems Essay Example For Students

Essay on The Cyber Security Of Communications Systems Essay The cyber security of communications systems is the vulnerability of our communications to information welfare. Communications systems are a critical component of our national security and emergency preparedness resources. Information exchange through voice data, video, and internet connectivity are the major supporting factors and constitute an important part of the overall national critical infrastructure. There are many different jobs within this field that require a broad range of knowledge, skills and abilities. As a college student, when looking for pathways or different programs into cyber security make sure to research and pick your focus, then you can become an expert in that area. Cyber security positions are in high demand, but don’t use that as an excuse to take the easy way in. Now more than ever we need highly educated and experienced workers to help make our critical infrastructure more secure.Disruptions in the networks and lapses in security now place lives, jobs, our economy, and well-being at risk. Cyber security protects the information that flows through broadband communications networks. Individuals are constantly using email or online websites and we need to ensure that it remains â€Å"private to preventing foreign governments from infiltrating our Nation’s most critical infrastructure,† says Bill Lane. Just this year in July the U. S. was on top of three on four categories for the second month in a row (as seen in the chart on the next page).A simple trip to the ATM, filing our taxes online, filling out employment forms, or even checking out at the grocery store can change the trajectory of our finances in mere seconds. In June, hackers were able to procure 100,000 tax returns and requested 15,000 fra. .ty threat becomes an actual attack? If the entity is insured, the entity should be able to rely on its insurance policy to cover the loss, but if the entity fails to give the insurer timely notice in the manner of conforming the term of policy, the insurer may disclaim coverage. The insured may have little information and the insurer will insist it is not in light of the minimalist nature of the unclassified report. The government may know the details of the planned attack and give out information to advert the danger, but could back fire and end up jeopardizing the entity’s ability to recover from any loss. Simple ways people could keep personal information safe online is by setting strong passwords, keeping everything up to date by installing updates, limit personal information posted online and use privacy settings, and avoid things that are too good to be true.?