THE IMPACT OF PLANNING POLICIES FOR THE OLYMPIC GAMES WILL OPTIMIZE Essay

THE IMPACT OF PLANNING POLICIES FOR THE OLYMPIC GAMES WILL OPTIMIZE THE SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACTS OF TOURISM FOR LONDON RESIDENTS - Essay Example The travel industry as an appearance of relaxation assumes a financial milieu wherein cash and time-away-from-work can be gathered to be spent voluntarily. The travel industry as a type of versatility infers that socially authorized reasons exist for venturing out from home to travel. The travel industry as a composed industry, obliging a customer base who have time and cash and need to spend them, pleasurably, in leisured portability or relocation. The travel industry in the modular sense is one of a scope of decisions, or styles, of excursion or amusement. Visitor visits are ritualized breaks in schedule that characterize and ease the conventional. POSITIVE SOCIO-CULTURAL EFFECTS OF THE LONDON 2012 OLYMPIC GAMES The primary positive socio-social effect is that travel industry is a power for harmony. The voyagers who will make a trip to London for the Olympic Games will be prevailed upon by the occupants of London. The nearby connection with individuals from various nations will create common compassion and understanding and decrease their racial partialities. This nearby communication and collaboration will prompt world understanding and world harmony. The second positive socio-social effect is that the London Games of 2012 will fortify neighborhood networks. The nearby inhabitants will be included as volunteers and the festival of celebrations will prompt social revival. The vacationer enthusiasm for celebrations will advance the social trade between the members. In addition, the a huge number of occupations made by the travel industry can go about as a fundamental motivating force to lessen resettlement from rustic territories. The third positive socio-social effect is that the offices pro duced for the travel industry related Olympic Games advantage nearby inhabitants during and after the Games.

Assessment ‘Of mice and men’ Essay

Of mice and men is a novel by john Steinbeck around two transient rural workers George Milton and Lennie Small. At the outstart they are working at a farm in northern California. The farm is a microcosm of the cosmos that was in America around then in 1939. During this time of bombed organizations, brutal neediness, and long haul joblessness, we perceive how individuals endeavored to get by on the farm. In this paper I will explain how Steinbeck presents the topic of segregation in part 3. Segregation appears to be especially disagreeable on the farm in light of the fact that there are forlorn, separated characters, who looking are for companions and a getaway from singularity. In part 3 we see separation as bigotry, ageism and sexism. The survivors of segregation in this novel are: Crooks, a dark stable buck; Curley’s Wife, the homestead owner’s ignored little girl in-law; and Candy, an old, incapacitated maid. Hoodlums, is awfully victimized in view of his characteristic skin shading, which he must choose between limited options to transform it. â€Å"S’pose you couldn’t go into the bunk house and play rummy ’cause you was black† this represents the vagrants on the farm victimize him by having him kept separate from the pack. Besides he lives in a little shack all alone. They don’t treat him similarly; in truth it nearly feels like as though they don’t consider him to be person. They don’t care about his sentiments and feelings; by the by this disconnection has thusly influenced his psychological and physical prosperity. Law breakers isn't permitted to go into the Bunk house, though Candy’s pooch can. In this way plainly this shows they treat creatures superior to him. In spite of the fact that the canine has somebody that pays special mind to him, evildoers has nobody aside from his books. Regardless of him accepting that â€Å"Books ain’t no good†. Hooligans had a brilliant youth where he could play with white youngsters and associate with them, yet this oppression him has influenced him profoundly. He never acknowledged along these lines of life not at all like different captives of his time, â€Å"I got an option to have a light† this shows he knows about his privileges, in any event, when he is having a straightforward discussion with intellectually sick Lennie, who has no clue about rights not even his. Clearly this separation made hooligans urgent for a friendship, â€Å"A fellow goes crazy on the off chance that he ain’t got nobody† this shows law breakers has gone to where he is kicking the bucket for a comfort in times of dire need, even Lennie with an honest mind. â€Å"Don’t have no effect who the person is, long’s he’s with you†, This suggests he doesn’t care if the companion is white or dark, besides it shows that criminals isn't supremacist. He plays horseshoes the entire day as an endeavor to be preferred and be acknowledged for what he is. Also Candy is victimized as a result of his age. As they realize that he hasn’t got the physical solidarity to protect himself or his pooch, they exploit him and constrained him to permit his lone companion to be slaughtered. Steinbeck utilized this to explain that inside the general public the incredible ones guideline the vulnerable and regardless of what we do there will consistently be malevolent around us. â€Å"Why’n’t you get candy to shoot his dog†. This makes sweets feel this could be the possibility for him when he gets pointless. It drove him to the franticness purpose of putting his life sparing under the control of complete outsiders needing to escape from a similar consummation as his adored canine. The men on the farm portray the canine as a â€Å"stinking hound† and a â€Å"old bastard†. Candy feels sad as he says â€Å"I wish someone would shoot me when I become useless†. He gets a handle on left and not regarded in light of his age as they executed his solitary companion, he feels that he doesn’t wish to live without his valuable canine any longer. Candy, a lost elderly person, he’s missing a hand and his generally dependable and trust commendable buddy. â€Å"i lost my hand my hand directly here on this farm, that’s why they gave me an occupation swampin'† this concerns sweets that he will get terminated soon in such a case that he can no longer work he will be superfluous. Steinbeck utilized this character on the grounds that the more seasoned age would identify with him. Curley’s spouse is the main ladies on the farm. Everyone ridicules her; they don’t converse with her as a companion in light of the fact that she’s a lady. â€Å"Aint I got an option to converse with no one? Whatta they think I am anyways?†.This citation shows that she is isolated from different vagrants simply like convicts and candy they are completely disconnected characters. The men on the farm don’t allow to become acquainted with her by and by, they simply marked her a â€Å"trouble maker†, and being Curley’s spouse doesn’t help her out. As we never hear her genuine name in the book it shows how deprecated she will be, she is viewed as a property of Curley’s. Steinbeck did this in light of the fact that back in those days men were prevailing and ladies were simply observed as house spouses. The men on the farm follow up on their bias calling her terrible names, for example, a â€Å"rattrap†, â€Å"jailbait†, and â€Å"tart†. Because of this she feels alone and victimized, on the grounds that she is just looking for regard for make companions, she’s isn't what they depict to be. Curley’s spouse is urgent for a partner simply like sweets and Crooks; she needs somebody to hear her out on the grounds that Curley is never near, he never gives her the consideration she needs, â€Å"I don’t like Curley, he ain’t a pleasant fella†, unmistakably shows that she isn’t cheerful, she feels caught and forlorn. Because of this she ponders around the farm looking something to do, somebody to converse with. By and taking everything into account Steinbeck painstakingly utilized these sorts of characters, since they each speak to various society around then of the book. Prejudice was high and oppression ladies and the old were normal. I think the novel has significance in our way of life; it depicts the issues of segregation and prejudice. I think Steinbeck composed this book to show the world that inside our general public we have an appalling propensity for causing other to feel down.

Language Development Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Language Development - Research Paper Example At the age of four, a child’s discourse ought to be 100% comprehensible with insignificant nonattendance or trade of consonants or sounds (Sax and Weston, 2007). Ella’s language is completely understandable; she utilizes phonological osmosis and elision as prove in her way to express ‘want to’ [wé'nt tu] as ‘wanna’ [wé'nó™], and ‘going to’ [gó™êšé ªÃ¥â€¹ tu] as ‘gonna’ [gé'nó™]; she additionally articulates ‘because’ [biké'z] as ‘cuz’ [kêÅ"z], and neglects to articulate the last consonant of ‘yes’ [jé›s] and says [yé›ó™]. It additionally appears that Ella doesn't know about the distinction in way to express ‘know’ [noêš] and ‘now’ [naêš] in light of the fact that when meaning ‘know’ she said ‘now’. She is additionally ready to utilize constrictions as prove when she says ‘I’m’ [ai m] as opposed to â€Å"I am’ and ‘that’s’ [é µÃ£ ¦ts] rather than ‘that is’.2.2â Morphology Morphology, along with punctuation make up the syntax of a language. Morphology is worried about how words are comprised of littler morphemes; a morpheme is the â€Å"minimal etymological unit of a language that conveys meaning (Silzer, 2005, p.101) and can be utilized to change the implications of words. Prefixes, postfixes and joins can be utilized and fall inside two classifications †derivationalâ (changes word class) and linguistic (changes syntactic significance) (Pence and Justice, 2008). In Ella’s language for instance she demonstrates to have gained right utilization of the plural morpheme ‘s’ as in ‘cousins’, ‘friends’ and ‘millions’; she additionally shows great use of the inflectional grammaticalâ morphemes ‘ing’ for present nonstop as in ‘flyingâ₠¬â„¢, ‘finding’ and ‘going sailing’ and past tense ‘ed’ as in ‘picked’. Every single such morpheme are normally gained before the age of four (Pence and Justice, 2008) and are as per Brown’s (1973) syntactic stages III and IV.

herody Little Heroism in Homers Odyssey Essay -- Odyssey essays

Little Heroism in Homer's Odyssey   â Would I be able to overlook that royal man, Odysseus?â There is no human half so insightful; no human gave such a great amount to the masters of the open sky. announces Zeus, the ruler of all divine beings in Homer's The Odyssey.  He, among innumerable others, harbors high respects for Odysseus, the brains of the Trojan War turned lost sailor.â However, the epic sonnet is sprinkled with the activities of divine beings and goddesses pushing Odysseus towards his way home to Ithaka, giving the human war legend little introduction to the limelight.â So when does all the arrogant discuss Odysseus' capacity demonstrate true?â Only without faithful intercession can the title character satisfy his name.â In Homer's The Odyssey, unnecessary dependence on the divine beings' help debilitates the general impact of Odysseus as the saint; while, as a break from the standard, Odysseus' courageous annihilation of the Kyklops Polyphã ªmos adds genuine anticipation to the story jus t as legitimacy to Odysseus' character.  The divine beings meddle with Odysseus on his mission in one of two different ways, to improve things or for the worse.â Zeus, Athena, Hermã ªs, Persephone, and the Nereid Ino all assist Odysseus with returning home.â On the other hand, Poseidon and Hã ªlios, the exemplification of the sun, block his excursion home.â While the sprite Kalypso and the witch Kirkã ª balance among aiding and hindering.â Athena, the goddess of astuteness and little girl of Zeus, assumes the most urgent job in the story.â Odysseus' benefactor goddess for all intents and purposes weaves the results with her own fingers.â At the earliest reference point, Athena argues for Zeus to offer assistance to Odysseus, who is caught on Kalypso's island.â O Father of every one of us, on the off chance that it now please the joyful divine beings that savvy Odysseus arrive at his home agai... ... for this to happen.â The perspiration instigating anticipation and the thickening of Odysseus' initially paper-slim character make Book IX the feature of the starting portion of The Odyssey.â The section's prosperity can be ascribed to the absence of faithful intervention.â Moreover, as the Kyklops' one eye is his most significant component, at that point Book IX of The Odyssey, without divine mediation, is the epic's most important part.  Works Consulted: Sprout, Harold.â Homer's Odyssey: Edited and with an Introduction, NY, Chelsea House 1988 Crane, Gregory.â Backgrounds and Conventions of the Odyssey,â Frankfurt, Athenaeum 1988 Heubeck, Alfred, J.B. Hainsworth, et al. An analysis on Homer's Odyssey. 3 Vols. Oxford PA4167 .H4813 1988 Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fagles. New York: 1996 Tracy, Stephen V. The Story of the Odyssey Princeton UP 1990 Â

Elie Wiesel Night de-humanization free essay sample

Elies father, attempting to keep a ptimistic viewpoint. They were additionally treated like creatures, being sent to inhumane imprisonments in little confined cows trains were they gone under the blistering sun without having the option to sit, something that at no point ever would they have thought of as a benefit. Adding to causing them to feel like creatures, they likewise called them things like soiled pigs and bastards. They were additionally deprived of their pride, something that scarred them inwardly. They inked numbers on their arms and considered them that rather than their names. Consider it: a name is the thing that dentifies you from others, it was given to you with adoration by your folks and realize somebody is removing that from you and giving you a number as a personality, causing the Jews to feel Just like that, a useless number. Hair is utilized to communicate your character, you can control it to look a specific way, a way that you like it, the Nazis shaved off Elies hair alongside everybody elses and causing them all to feel dull and exhausting. We will compose a custom exposition test on Elie Wiesel Night de-refinement or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page At last Jews were treated as items. Like on the off chance that they were an aggravation to the world and the Nazis were helping the world out by murdering them. They had no respect for beneficiary lives. We first observe a case of this in the principal section: Children were parched, weeping for water remaining in the searing sun for more than three hours. Which means they were not offered water to endure, a fundamental human need. At that point in the steers train on their way to the camps, they were not given any food over the span of the day, just the little segment that they conveyed from home. They were made to work like slaves for no compensation at all and they were kept in a death camp and were not permitted to leave. They lived in a similar spot were their kin got killed in ass numbers. Do you see that fireplace over yonder? See it? Do you see those flares? (Indeed, we saw the blazes. ) Over there-that is the place youre going to be taken. That is your grave, over yonder. (Elie 31) this was said to Elie by a veteran of the camp, in light of the fact that numerous kids and infants were tossed into the consuming heater alive. Additionally Someone started to present the Kaddish, the supplication for the dead. I don't have the foggiest idea whether it has ever occurred previously, in the long history of the Jews, that individuals have ever recounted the supplication for the dead for themselves. Elie 31) Elie implied that he had never observed his kin appeal to God for themselves as though they were dead. While everybody supplicated Elie Just looked as he had lost his confidence in God in light of the things he had Just, taking everything into account, this book fills in for instance to give us a look into the lives of Jews in the Holocaust. We discover that there was a period were a gathering of individuals were focused on and totally isolated from society to be tormented and scarred while they Just vulnerably watched their own get murder. Books like these assist us with opening our eyes so we never let this happen again.

Primacy and recency effect essay

Primacy and recency effect essay Definition of primacy effect The primacy effect describes the situation when after a reading of long list of items, the person is more likely to remember the first few items of the list than later lists parts. There is an investigation of this phenomenon: participants observe a list of words by the fixed period. Later they are asked to recall as many as possible words from the list. As a result, participants recall words from the beginning of the list more often that they remember words from later parts of the list. Actually, this phenomenon explains that a human has two different systems of memory: a short-term store and a long-term store. So why we remember the words from the first part of list better than other words? During the research, it was found that first words are repeated more often compared to others. When we repeat an item more often, it activates a long-term memory, so we get a better chance to remember this item, compared with other items that were repeated less often. The primacy effect can be found when people watch a TV commercial: when participants were watching a TV program that was interrupted by commercials, they recalled first three commercials better than those that was showed later in the block. Definition of recency effect The recency effect is a phenomenon that shows we can better remember the more recent information much better than all information that was presented earlier. We can investigate how this effect affects our impressions. For example, if to describe a person with three negative characteristics followed by three positive characteristics, this person would be estimated more positively than if we describe a person by the same characteristics that put in opposite way (at start positive characteristics and then negative). Needless to say that for us its more simple to remember more recent information: according to many studies, people better recall the nearest past events compared to remote past events. There are two factors that affect the appearance and intensity of recency effects: 1) task factor â€" means how the current task was structured and represented to participants of research; 2) processing factor â€" how participants process the information theyve got. The primacy and the recency effects are the opposite things that have an important value in many investigations of human memory processes.

Abuse Of The Ages Child Abuse - Free Essay Example

Over the past 10 years,more than 20,000 American Children are believed to have been killed in their own homes by family members. That is nearly four times the number of US soldiers killed in Iraq and Afghanistan (Michael Petit, Founder of Every Child Matters). Child Abuse by Allison Krumsiek, explains the tragedy and trauma to young lives within the home. It brings a great awareness to the harm children face as a normal lifestyle and brings an awareness to what abuse really is. Child abuse happens to children of all ages. It can be more than just physical damage. It can also be emotional or neglect in failure to meet the needs of the child. When emotionally abused, a childs emotional needs are not met causing them damage psychologically. Insults, put downs, favoritism, and verbal harassment are all forms of emotional abuse. It can be acts that hurt a child that one may not inflict on them physically, such as confining them into an isolated space for long periods of time without food or water. It can also be threatening to hurt or damage something the child cares about such as a pet, parent, or other personal possession. It is stated, Most child abuse experts consider repeated emotional abuse to be far more damaging and far more common than isolated physical abuse (pg 25). Physical damage is harming to the childs body. It can even end in results that are fatal. Malnourishment, neglect, hitting, sexual acts, and putting the child in dangerous or hazardous env ironments are forms of physical abuse. Sometimes malnourishment is unintentional due to the familys financial situation. They may fail in providing to their needs from a lack in money for food and clothes. Not every case of physical abuse is fatal, it depends on how severe the damage is. Little children have more vulnerability to the violence, and the damage could be more effective to their smaller and weaker bodies compared to an older child. Neglect is the last form of abuse. This can be when the guardian does not provide the child with the basic needs for survival. It is a combination of both physical and emotional abuse. Neglect can be not retrieving medical attention for a childs injury, exposing child to illegal drugs (could be during pregnancy), and failure to provide food or shelter. If the caregiver has a psychological disability, they might fail to meet these needs of the child because they mentally are not able to and might not even be able to meet the needs of them self. A topic that I found very interesting were the long-term effects of abuse on a child. Sometimes, the damage they experienced follows with them for the rest of their life. Even if eventually they heal physically, their emotions are forever impacted. One impact are trigger events. These can cause them to lose their control in thinking rationally. What happens is their bodies begin pumping full of adrenaline creating a fight-or-flight response. This adrenaline causes their heart rate to increase and a quicken their breathing pattern. When a traumatized child is in a state of alarm they will be less capable of concentrating, they will be more anxious and they will pay more attention to non-verbal cues such as tone of voice, body posture and facial expressions (pg 78). I did find this book pretty repetitive. It seemed to go over the same information repetitively. Overall, this book was very educating. I was not very aware of abuse and what it could actually do to someone and learned all about it. It is very eye opening to the lifestyles some children actually face and it makes one feel very fortunate to not have that type of situation and empathetic to those poor children. I feel that very few people are educated on this and should read this book to gain a further understanding on the effects of abuse.

The Complex Nature Of Equiano s Identity Crisis - 1411 Words

Daniel Miret HUM3306 29 September 2014 Option Three The complex nature of Equiano’s identity crisis Equiano presents himself as an African, who is embattled with a myriad of issues enroute to a foreign land. He starts off as a normal African boy that takes pride in the family unit. His life changes as he is exposed to a life of slavery that makes him wonder just how far he would go to regain his freedom. Equaino is celebrated due to his anti-slave trade achievements, but rather criticized for a lack of authenticity in his plight to free the world of slavery. He begins his narrative with a brief insight into the person he was before being captured. We discover a identity that is in the norm for African society. He presents himself as an African from Essaka, which is in Eboe, and what is currently referred to as Nigeria. Equiano was born in 1745 and was a member of the royal family. Moreover, he presents himself as a common African boy but his family and origins state otherwise. Equiano is engaged in a family that from the onset practiced its form of slavery through ownership of serv ants. His father gives the audience a sense of hypocrisy on Equiano’s part when he rebukes slave trade. The identity of the character Equiano is immediately casted into doubt (Olaudah, 111). In retrospect, the African boy understood the dangers of abduction and was protected and aware of the incessant threat of capture. The fact remains that Equiano had his roots entrenched in a

Role Of Fair Value Accounting In Barclays Bank - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 16 Words: 4902 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Before starting Research Methods, it is vitally important to understand the real meaning of Research in general. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Research is a planned and methodical approach of finding answers to the questionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?(R Cottrell J F McKenzie; 2010) It is an organized set of actions and steps which we will follow to achieve our objectives. There are many factors in Research Method which are always done to get the most precise results. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Role Of Fair Value Accounting In Barclays Bank" essay for you Create order Research is a pre-planned method, not a spontaneous approach. It is focused and limited to a particular scope. A good research is focused on appropriate, valuable, imperative questions and their answers. If there are no questions, there is no point of doing research and similarly finding answers to those questions is the most important. Whether its an answer to a hypothesis or even a simple question. A good research is ineffective unless we find the answers to the questions. A good Research is a major key to complete a successful project, report or Dissertation because if the research is not professional and well organized, then it is nearly impossible to complete a Project or Dissertation. TYPES OF RESEARCH METHODS:- Research methods can be categorised into two types. They are:- Deductive Research and Inductive Research. In research methods, conclusions are based on these two methods. Both are widely used in research projects. DEDUCTIVE METHOD:- Deduction follows an approach which is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“top-downà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“from general to specific. Aristotle a Greek philosopher described deduction asà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Drawing conclusions by applying rules or principles; logically moving from a general rule or principle to a specific solution(www.hubpages.com/hub/Types-of-Research Dated:03-05-2010) It is the procedure of getting a conclusion that is certain to pursue, if the data given is factual and the analysis used to achieve the conclusion is right. In deductive method, the grounds (facts) give an assurance of 100% accurate conclusion. EXAMPLE OF DEDUCTIVE METHOD:- 1. There are 15 packs of cigarettes on the top-shelf of the cigarette case, 2. There are 7 packs of cigarettes on the lower-shelf of the cigarette case. 3. There are no cigarettes anywhere on the middle-shelf cigarette case From the above, it can be concluded that there are 22 packs of cigarettes in the cigarette case. INDUCTIVE METHOD: Induction method is from precise to general. In induction, we scrutinize some events, deduct a pattern and draw conclusion. This method involves moving from an exact condition to a common conclusion. This method is undefined and investigative. It does not give 100% assurance of reality but a chance of being accurate. EXAMPLE OF INDUCTION METHOD:- This coffee is hot. (Specific, based on a direct observation.) All coffees are hot. (General, can be applied to any ice) OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH METHODS: The key objectives of this research are:- To Critically Analyze the Role of Fair Value Accounting (FVA) in Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. Norbury Branch, London and what are its effects on Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. before, during and after Credit Crunch? To Investigate whether the systematic risk is associated with the financial crises of Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. or not? To Highlight the impact of market to market reporting in contributing financial difficulties for Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. To Find out the contagion of Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc with Recommendations Conclusion. KEY LITERATURE REVIEW:- An efficient banking system is an indicator of sustainable economy (Imola; 2006). Banks perform fundamental roles not only in financial system of a country but also globally due to their nature of business performance and corresponding assets policy. Banks play the role of financial intermediaries in an economy (Imola; 2006) FAIR VALUE ACCOUNTING: DEFINITION: Financial Accounting Standards define Fair Value Accounting as:à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? The price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (Whittgton; 2008) ROLE OF FAIR VALUE ACCOUNTING AND ITS BACKGROUND: In accounting, fair value is used as an estimate of the market value of an asset or liability for which a market price cannot be determined. The measurement of assets and liabilities takes place at three levels. At the first level, the fair value of an asset or liability is calculated at quoted prices if the market is active for that asset and liability. At second level, the cost of similar assets and liabilities are taken for evaluation and at last level, the market for these assets and liabilities are not available, the standard supports to use market to model approach for valuation of assets and liabilities (MacNamara; 2009). Evaluation of assets and liabilities at Level three is considered to be more problematic. This increases the manipulation risk because of non availability of market prices. (Penman; 2009) argue that for most of the loans, the quoted prices are not available in the markets. Even if the prices for these loans are available, they do not reflect the private information of these loans for banks. Therefore, to determine the fair value of these loans, different valuation models are used (Penman; 2007). Financial Accounting Standards (FAS) allows financial institutions to report their assets at level three but the opponents of (FAS) argue that it has forced banks to value troubled securities at lower prices (MacNamara; 2009). Wall Street Journal claims that the reporting of assets and liabilities on Fair Value Accounting (FVA) causes financial institutions and banks to write down their mortgage backed securities (Gold, 2008). However, most of accountants, regulators and investors defend this by arguing that it provides more accurate and transparent reflection of a companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"s position (MacNamara; 2009). Kurt N. Schacht managing director of CFA (Institute of Chartered Financial Accountants) argues that fair value measurement is only relevant information under the prevailing circumstances (Gold; 2008). ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF FAIR VALUE ACCOUNTING (FVA):- Many Banks around the world have started revising their estimates of credit losses. Several parties blame FVA for the sub prime crisis (G.Ryan; 2008). The controversy has been observed during the discussion paper on Statements of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS 2006) that the interpretations made by Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) about fair value ignored the transaction costs and entityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"s specific assumptions (Whittington; 2008). However, the advocators of FVA argue that FVA is not responsible for crisis. It is just a reporting and measurement system of assets and liabilities (Christian Laux; 2009). Wallace (2009) suggests that the fair value accounting is not the main cause of current financial crisis. He names it as a messenger of current crisis and advocates that FVA has helped us to recognize the problem earlier otherwise the situation would be much worse as compare to its current position (Wallace; 2009). Moreover, the advocators argue tha t the accounting rules contradict with framework of institutions. They point out that sometime managers make deviations from market prices due to their own interests (Christian Laux; 2009). Singleton (2006) argues that historical cost accounting is out of date and there is a strong possibility that management manipulate it. In modern era, the current values based reporting (e.g. market based) are more relevant and reliable. Henceforth, the supporters suggest that it is difficult to say that FVA is responsible for the current crisis (Singeton; 2006). The supporters further assert that under FVA, assets and liabilities are recorded at the price, at which these assets and liabilities can be sold (Gold; 2008). Thus, FVA represents the current market condition and provides accurate financial information of an entity. (Stephen; 2006). In support of FVA, Stephen Penman (2006) mentions the following points. Firstly, inventors are more interested in value not in cost. Secondly, in prevail ing situations the historical prices are not relevant to provide up to date financial position of a business. Thirdly, the fair value is based on reality of assets and liabilities actual financial position. Further, it reflects the true economic substance. Finally, as markets are efficient, they are not influenced by a single firm or business. Therefore, the information based on market prices is more relevant (Stephen; 2006). Finnegan (2009) concludes that FVA is suitable to apply in both periods e.g. when market prices are available as well as when markets are inactive and market prices are not available (I.Victor; 2009). However, the opponent asserts that FVA is irrelevant and misleading especially for those assets and liabilities which are held for long term (held to maturity).They further argue: firstly, as efficient market hypothesis theory does not always true in real life. It fails in some situations. Therefore, in the situation of inefficient market FVA provides wrong inf ormation to investors and creates liquidity problems. Secondly, FVA measurement model are not reliable and finally, FVA contributes pro cyclicality in the financial system (Mary E. Barth; 1995). In spite of all criticism, The FASB IASB believe that fair value measurement of financial assets is more relevant in producing useful financial position of firm as compare to historical cost based measurements. They argue that fair value shows the current cash equivalent of the businessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"s financial instruments rather than the price of acquisition of financial instruments (Benston; 2008). Further, supporting FVA, the former chairman of SEC Mr. Breeden, suggests that all financial institutions like banks as well as publicly held companies should report their financial position on market based because market based information are most relevant to financial attributes (Mary E. Barth; 1995). Allen and Carletti (2008) assert that banks may become insolvent with the effect of m arket to market prices. The valuation based on market prices creates instability in market prices that affect the value of banking assets and this leads to ruin banking portfolio and contagion (Mahan, 2009). However, the advocators of FVA assert that it has provided early warning of current crisis and asked banks to take corrective actions (Wallance; 2009). Mahan (2009) points out that the fair value is not a single reason of the current crisis the other factors, for example, inadequate risk management, poor lending requirements, the assessment of rating agencies and insufficient capital requirements are also contributors of these crisis. Mahan (2009) claims that the banking regulation, especially the capital requirement is also one of major reason in failure of banks. However, the logic behind the capital requirement of regulators and central bank is the same as the secured loans issue by banks to creditors to protect market from financial distress and keep insurance of market d iscipline. Recently, the London based International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) declared that they are going to change the market to market rule and will follows the United States Standard. Recently, the US companies are reporting their assets under level three categories (Morgan; 2009). BARCLAYà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s BANK PLC. CONCERN ABOUT FAIR VALUE ACCOUNTING (FVA) DURING FINANCIAL CRISIS:- Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s explain the following reasons for rejection of FVA during financial crises. Firstly, they argue the FVA is irrelevant for investors. It does not communicate the rationality (Christian Laux; 2009). Critics of FVA have accused it of pouring fuel on the fire rather than simply measuring the flame (Morley; 2008). Secondly, it is not suitable for banking industry and finally, they said fair value is inappropriate for those assets which are held for long term (i.e. held to maturity) and the assets which have no active market (i.e. for illiquid assets). In the mid of 2008, when the crisis reached at its maximum point, the bank started blaming FVA and their main focus of criticism was the valuation of liquid assets. Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s argue that FVA has played an effective role in creating these crises. On the other side of the coin, (Ball; 2000) (Leuz; 2003) suggested that investors, and other interested groups e.g. Accountants and customers ha ve opposite opinion. These interested groups are against the suspension of FVA standards. For example, during November 2008, the joint letter to SEC the Consumer Federation of America, Centre for Audit Quality, Council of Institutional Investors, Investment Management Association, and CFA Institute assert that investors are more confident on the standards (i.e. FVA) which are more transparent and report current and relevant information for valuation of financial instruments regardless of the direction of markets (Christian Laux; 2009). Nicolas (2008) argues that the illiquidity criticism spots light at the market conditions for many financial instruments. These instruments were imbalanced from August 2007 and were not reporting the true prices in markets on the basis of demand and supply principle. Most of prices did not reflect the potential to generate the future cash flows associated with an assets or investment. Nicolas (2008) further argues that fair value compelled Barclayà ƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. to record assets and liabilities on the value which is unjustified by economic conditions. Resultantly, Barclays Bank Plc. was forced to raise new capital under depressed valuation conditions to meet the legal solvency requirements which resulted in reduction in the equity value of existing shareholders. The pro-cyclicality criticism of fair value is based on the idea that when there is boost in market prices it apparently strengths the balance sheet of Barclays Bank. However, in the time of reduction in market prices, it damages the economic position of the bank more severely (Amola; 2006). Futher, Nicolas ( 2008) argues that as the studies support that markets do not work efficiently during the time of crisis when every participant is in the condition of uncertainty and market information are disordered. Therefore, the accounting standards which rely on marketà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"s information, damages the decision of ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"s users. Additionall y, he argues that criticism of pro-cyclicality of FVA is not only when markets are inactive for securities but also in the normal conditions of economy (Nicolas; 2008). Regardless of criticism of FVA, Wallace (2009) suggests that elimination of fair value standards is not solution to the problem. The government should focus on stabilizing the financial markets, rebuilding investors confidence by promoting liquidity conditions in markets and improving regulations (Wallace; 2009). Barclays Bank can overcome the shortcomings of historical cost accounting. Reporting at FVA standards, the bank can record their financial instruments including loans at fair value (market based price). Buckland (2005) also argues that for the purpose of monitoring and supervision, the supporters of FVA consider it more reliable source of information. EMPIRICAL LITERATURE REVIEW RESEARCH OBJECTIVES:- During existing literature review, I observed that mostly, the underlying subject has been discussed working papers, reports, conferences and general argumentations. The following literatures give the guidelines to understand the issues related to financial crisis, systemic risk and FVA standards. I went through the following literature to understand my topic of research. Magnan (2009) provides general overview of FVA on financial statements. He briefly explains the origins of FVA, its applications and role in the financial crisis. He believes that FVA has contributed in acceleration of financial crisis especially in banks and financial institutions (Magnon; 2009). Magnan (2009) explains, how fair value has contributed and created financial crisis? He describes that at the start of 2007, some of the financial institutionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"s (including Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Plc.) assets and liabilities drop in value and this drop in value forced these institutions to repor t assets and liabilities lower at their balance sheets. This reporting at lower value negatively affected their capital adequacy ratios (Magnan; 2009) Morley (2008) discusses the role of accounting standard setters and their comments about the FVA. Further, spotting light at the problems of FVA they argue that the sharp fall in market values of many financial instruments adversely affect the market price of these instruments. Additionally, they point out the challenges IASB is facing after the recent financial crisis. They state that the political threat to IASBà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"s independence and credibility is continuously growing. Moreover, the headlines such as, Bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"s accounting gets murkier (Wall Street Journal, November, 11, 2008). The third quarter reports of banks provide evidence that bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"s accounting system get murkier e.g. The Royal Bank of Scotland is said to have avoided booking à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¤1.4 billion of losses as a result of the rule c hange, and Deutsche Bank, Lloyds TSB and HSBC collectively are said to have avoided booking losses of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬1.5 billion (Morley; 2008). SYSTEMATIC RISK-DEFINITION:- The banking regulations were introduced in the system to avoid systemic risk in the sector (Allen; 1995). The regulators of prudential law are fully aware of the danger that systemic risk can produce in the banking sector. Systemic risk is the risk that can breakdown an entire system (Acharya; 2002). Kaufman (2003) founded that there is high correlation between systemic risk and failure of banking system in a country, a number of countries or throughout the world. Sohnke. M (2005) defines systemic risk as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ The risk of a failure of the global banking system resulting from a failure of the global inter-bank payment systemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Sohnke M; 2005). SYSTEMATIC RISK BANKING SYSTEM:- In the case of the banking industry, all banks are connecting to each other due to inter-banking transactions (Sohnke M; 2005). They have common deposits, loans, payment systems and other different indirect services to other financial institutions. Inter-banking system works within a country as well as across countries. Therefore, the adverse shock that effects on a bank in a system damages the entire system. Thus, the insolvency of one bank transforms the insolvencies of other banks in the system. The theory and evidence advocate that the danger of contagious systemic risk in the banking industry is faster and stronger as compare to any other industry (Kaufman Scott, 2003). Additionally, Kaufman (2003) suggests that the initial failure of a bank starts knock on reaction in the system. However, at the start of this shock, the other banks do not expect its transmission to them. Kaufman (2003) explains that if a bank has smaller capital to assets ratio, this means that the bank i s highly leveraged. Therefore, this set of banks transfer their insolvency to other banks in a system (Khan; 2009). Moreover, Kaufman (2003) suggests that in banks, the downward trend in the credit market affects the quality of private and public information. This information also increases the uncertainty in the credit market and badly affects these market conditions. In such situations of uncertainty no participant wants to take risks. Therefore, investors quickly transfer their funds to a safer place (Kaufman Scott; 2003). Cifuentes, Ferrucci, and Shin (2005) argue that when assets and liabilities are reported on market to market basis and there are also external solvency requirements (e.g. prudential regulation), these situations lead to increase of risk in the financial system. They further argue that when the prices of assets are falling, these assets disrupt the solvency ratio of firms. Prudential regulations in banking system demand banks to maintain capital reserves for their solvency in estimation of risk associated with institutions (Khan; 2009). Plantin (2008) has observed that banks sell their assets when prices of assets were falling and purchased assets when prices were rising. Such acts of banks increased the volatility in market prices which increased the probability of rise in the systemic risk in banking sector. MARKET TO MARKET REPORTING FAIR VALUE ACCOUNTING:- Plannutin (2008) suggest that when markets are inactive, FVA becomes more inefficient as compare to historical based accounting (Plannutin G; 2008). As market to market accounting increases the probability of pro-cyclical trades that creates the illiquidity situation in markets. The logic behind is that when the market is illiquid for particular assets as compare to other assets which have active market, the sale of assets adversely affects the price of assets and firm for whom there is no seller or buyer ( Khan; 2008). Therefore, it can be argued that under the FVA reporting (which is based on market to market), prices of assets and liabilities further decline prices of assets and liabilities for which no markets exist. Further, in such situations of uncertainty, the management of these firms sell these assets at lower prices. In reaction to this, pro-cyclical trades starts which increase the overall risk especially in the banking sector. Therefore, we can understand that durin g the recent financial crisis, how the FVA is associated with the systemic risk of banking system? As the market for banking assets became illiquid during the financial crisis and sale of assets of other firms increased pressure on bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"s management to sell their asset at lower prices (Pollock A 2008). JUSTIFICATION:- Why I have chosen the role fair value accounting in Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc.? Being a student of MBA Banking and finance, this topic will give me a unique opportunity to cover both fields of my MBA in one research i.e Banking as well as Finance. Fair value accounting will help me to learn about the finance and financial crises while FVAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s role in Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. will give me a chance to understand more about UK Banking system. This topic will also provide me empirical evidence about the role of fair value accounting in Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. I have a strong desire to built my career in Banking or Finance sector in future as those two fields are of my interest so definitely, this topic will be help me to achieve my future goals. It is also pertinent to mention here that three of my close friendà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s working in Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. (two of them working in the same branch i.e.Norbury, lond on) which will give me an easy access to the data to complete my research methods/dissertation without any hurdles. HYPOTHESIS:- To make an assumption or prediction about any research is not an easy thing to do but on the basis of literature review, I can predict that the role of Fair Value Accounting (FVA) in Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. has a positive effect on UK Banking industry as (Nicolas; 2008) argues that Fair Value Accounting compelled Banks to record assets and liabilities on the value which is unjustified by economic conditions and it has played an important role in Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. success during credit crunch. I can also predict that the systematic risk is not associated with the financial crisis of Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. and by highlighting the impact of market to market reporting in financial difficulties for Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc, It is assumed that its contribution for the banking industry was vital during financial crisis. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:- Research methodology consists of two types of research. They are:- Primary Research. Secondary Research. PRIMARY RESEARCH:- Primary Research is research which is used to gather statistics for a precise task. Types of primary data collection methods include:- Personal Observation:  The observation of the respondent by a skilled observer or by electronic tools e.g camera, video. The aim is to observe customer response and activities to a product or consumer service. Personal Interviews:  Face to face interview between an interviewer and the respondent. ADVANTAGES OF PERSONAL INTERVIEWS:- In detail answers achievable. Qualitative statistics can be obtained from small sample. Observation improves precision. Understanding leads to less refusals. DISADVANTAGES OF PERSONAL INTERVIEWS:- Costs qualified Interviewer expensive. Interviewer bias. Difficult to get an appointment if the interviewer is a busy person. Invasion of privac y. FINDINGS ANALYSIS-PRIMARY RESEARCH:- SCOPE OF QUALITATIVE METHOD:- To collect the primary data for my qualitative analysis, Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ll develop questionnaires to identify answers of the research questions in the dissertation. Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ll follow (B Healey; 2005) approach who developed close ended questionnaires with check boxes to answer these questions. Gannon (2001) asserts that amongst all the other research techniques, the questionnaires have been given high priority due to negligible cost and scope for easy evaluation they offer. Close ended questionnaires are one of the most common used tools for getting opinions ( L H Wang; 2006). Further, it is an adequate way to get the opinion of experts from the relevant field of research that has good representation of practical experiences and expert knowledge. Underneath this logic, most of companies, Banks and government agencies use this method to collect information. LIMITATIONS OF QUALITATIVE METHOD: Gannon (2001) critics that the information gathered as the results of questionnaires are limited because mostly questions ask in questionnaire allow only positive or negative response. Additionally, it is pragmatic that sometime the respondents refuse to answer certain questions or giving their answers in hazel and even sometime do not read the questions (Sproull; 2001). Chambers and Pretty claim that in spite of problem with answering the questionnaires, it was considered that it is time consuming, expensive and not suitable for reaching at conclusion ( Marslan; 2001) . SECONDARY RESEARCH:- Secondary research is the most general research method engaged in the every field today. It involves dealing out facts figures that has already been collected by a different party. With this research, researchers will check with previous studies and findings such as reports, press articles and earlier market research projects in order to come to a conclusion. This has comparatively low cost in comparison to  primary research. TYPES OF SECONDARY RESEARCH:- There are different types of resources offered for secondary research. The most well-known are: Published statistics: survey, housing and social security statistics Published texts: abstract work, secondary analysis by  experts  and reports Media: documentaries as a source of information Personal documents: diaries ADVANTAGES:- Economical and reachable especially at University/College Library. Often the only source, for example historical documents Books. Only way to look at major trends. DISADVANTAGES:- Lack of stability of perception. Biases and inaccuracy can not be checked Available data often increase more questions than they answer. The worry over whether  any  statistics can be completely detached from the perspective of its gathering or not. FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS-SECONDARY RESEARCH:- SCOPE OF QUANTITATIVE METHOD:- Prior to 2004, UK firms and Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. were preparing their financial statements according to UK GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles). 2005 was the first year when International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) and UK Accounting Standard Board asked UK firms Banks including Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. to prepare and report their financial statements at IFRS. (Ormrod; 2007). Additionally, Gannon and Ashwal claim that more than hundred countries worldwide use International Accounting Standards on either a compulsory or on a permitted basis and more countries are expected to follow in the near future.(Ormrod; 2007). Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ll consider year 2005 when Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. adopted IFRS as start of FVA regime. Henceforth, year 2005 to date, Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ll take as my sample period for quantitative testing. Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ll use secondary data sources to gather information for quantitative analysis eg B arclays website, Journals, Books. Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ll collect the details of assets and liabilities which are reported at fair value of different banks from the web sites of these banks and then Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ll compare them with Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. This study will provide me evidence that the difference between reporting assets and liabilities at fair value and book value on investment securities explains the share prices of insurance companies and banks as (Penman; 2007) described. LIMITATIONS OF QUANTITATIVE METHOD:- Mirosevich (2008) argues that most of quantitative methods are based on classical tests which produce correct results only when underlying assumptions are fulfilled. These tests produce incorrect P-values, effect sizes and confidence intervals when they violate the key assumptions to calculate P- values. Therefore, the evaluations of these results mislead the research objectivity (Mirosevich; 2008). The researchers observed that the assumptions made under quantitative methods to test hypotheses are mostly not correct in real life. Many factors are to be considered constant or assumed not affecting the dependent variables. Therefore, the results obtain from such tests are sometimes misleading the research goals (Mirosevich; 2008). RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION:- The debate of costs and benefits of fair value will go on and the analyses conducted in this study are considered to be a new addition to literature which addresses important and complex issues of FVA in current debate of accounting usefulness. These issues require further investigative studies. The financial crisis has made clear that the financial statements organizers need additional guidance to calculate fair values in illiquid markets. Users of these financial reports need better disclosures of financial information especially at the critical level 3 inputs. The users of financial information are interested to analyse the sensitivity of fair value measurements and its influence on the Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. Accounting standard-setters need to consider the demands of interested parties and issue guidance and disclosures accordingly. Preparers need to provide these disclosures in an informative fashion, and users must analyze them carefully and dispassionately. Additionally, accounting researchers and teachers can contribute to all of these processes. Indeed, for all of us who care about accounting and its role in the economy, there is much work need to be done (G.Ryan; 2008). Further, I believe that more time and research is required to determine reality that whether FVA has played its role in failure of Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. or not? To understand the role of FVA seems vital for future developments and implementations of accounting standards in Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. Additionally, future studies of FVA will give new shape and directions to financial reporting framework. I hope that over next few years, most likely the conduct of lot of empirical studies will give us a distinct answer to the question about the role of FVA in Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. during financial crisis. The debate of FVA mainly revolves around the issues cost and benefit of reporting assets and liabilities at fair value an d its role during financial crisis. The researchers such as Penman (2007) Simatupang (2009) Kevin (2009) Magnan (2009) and Khan (2009) are enthusiastic to determine the appropriateness of FVA and its link to increase systemic risk in Barclayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bank Plc. The role of accounting is to provide useful information to users of financial statements (Ryan; 2009). The advocates of FVA assert that it provides critical information to users of financial statements which help them to take their economic decisions.

The Ultimate Question - 2449 Words

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Christian Leadership Essay - 2455 Words

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Bibliography 8 â€Æ' Introduction According to Bill Hull, â€Å"While certain pocketsRead MoreLeadership From A Christian Worldview Essay6377 Words   |  26 PagesIntroduction From a personal perspective, leadership from a Christian worldview is about transforming your skills, abilities, and knowledge of the vision of life, beliefs, values, and principles. Due to the differing worldviews as a leader from a secular or biblical perspective, the ways of life as a leader divert the values that guide us, beliefs that direct us, and principles that motivate us to act or behave a certain way. Jesus lives in disciples, and we should all be living as his light andRead MoreThe Debate Between Leadership And Christian Groups1239 Words   |  5 PagesOver the past number of years I have heard many arguments against leadership in Christian groups. Shall we account it to liberalism? Perhaps progressive thoughts? Or is it to be expected in post-modern Christianity? I hope this does not come as too much of a shock, but personally I think it is absurd, and hopefully many others will agree with me. But I will probably not be able to convince you, will I? Thus let us turn to the source of all wisdom and knowledge, the Bible: Let everyone put himselfRead MoreLeadership And Management Vs. Christian Worldview833 Words   |  4 Pagesheart has an everlasting impact on the individual he leads. A Christian leader is not only able to share their love of God with others but they are also able to open their hearts to their employees and help them find what they are missing in their lives. This paper will cover what leadership and management are and the difference and similarities between them and how they correlate to the Christian worldview. 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Benefit of Hipaa Free Essays

Benefits of HIPAA Larasha McAllister Kaplan University HS210: Medical Office Management Traci Clark March 18, 2013 Benefits of HIPAA How does the HIPAA Privacy and Security rule, benefit the healthcare industry? When all the commotion and fear related to HIPAA begins to subside, patient, health plan, healthcare providers and health care organization will recognize that HIPAA regulations benefit them. Who can argue with the benefits of reducing paper in healthcare industry? Also who will argue, against the benefit of standardized data, especially for the coordination of insurance benefit is simplification of data submission through standard transaction and code sets? Provider and health plan overhead cost reduction through standardization. A main benefit of healthcare industry begin required to use HIPAA standard data and format is that everyone sending claims will be doing it with the sane data elements and the same format. We will write a custom essay sample on Benefit of Hipaa or any similar topic only for you Order Now For instance, this allows billing offices to make away from having the accommodate different data and format needs for different payers(Young,2007). How does the HIPAA Privacy and Security rule benefit the patient? It benefits the patient by giving the patient more control over their medical records. Also patients are able to make informed choice regarding how their personal health information is used. Another benefit is it reduces the chance for inappropriate use and disclosure their personal information. Patients also benefit by the limit release of information to the minimum reasonably needed for the purpose of the disclosure. It empowers individuals to control certain uses and disclosure of their health information. The last benefit is it gives patients the right to examine and obtain a copy of their own health records and request corrections (Fryar, 2005). How does the HIPAA Privacy and Security rule benefit the physician? It benefits the physician by setting boundaries for the use and release of health records. It also helps establish appropriate safeguard that health care providers and others must achieve to protect the privacy of health information. It holds violators accountable with civil and criminal penalties that can be imposed if they violate patient’s privacy rights. Another benefit is that it strikes a balance when possible responsibility supports disclosure of some form of data (Fryar, 2005). Reference Fryar, D. National Military Family Association, (2005). What is hipaa and what does it mean for me?. Retrieved from website: Military. com Young, A. P. (2007). Kinn’s the administrative medical assistant: An applied learning approach (6th ed. ). St. Louis, MO:Â   Saunders Elsevier How to cite Benefit of Hipaa, Essay examples

Self Awareness Sample Essay Example For Students

Self Awareness Sample Essay Self Awareness is holding a clear perceptual experience of your personality. including strengths. failings. ideas. beliefs. motive. and emotions. Self Awareness allows you to understand other people. how they perceive you. your attitude and your responses to them in the minute. We might rapidly presume that we are self cognizant. but it is helpful to hold a comparative graduated table for consciousness. If you have of all time been in an car accident you may hold experienced everything go oning in slow gesture and detecting inside informations of your thought procedure and the event. This is a province if heightened consciousness. With pattern we can larn to prosecute these types of heightened provinces and see new chances for readings in our ideas. emotions. and conversations. Why Develop Self Awareness? As you develop self awareness you are able to do alterations in the ideas and readings you make in your head. Changing the readings in your head allows you to alter your emotions. Self consciousness is one of the properties of Emotional Intelligence and an of import factor in accomplishing success. Self consciousness is the first measure in making what you want and get the hanging your. Where you concentrate your attending. your emotions. reactions. personality and behavior determine where you go in life. Having self awareness allows you to see where your ideas and emotions are taking you. It besides allows you to see the controls of your emotions. behavior. and personality so you can do alterations you want. Until you are cognizant in the minute of the controls to your ideas. emotions. words. and behavior. you will hold trouble doing alterations in the way of your life. Self Awareness in Relationships Relationships are easy until there is emotional convulsion. This is the same whether you are at work or in your personal life. When you can alter the reading in your head of what you think you can alter your emotions and switch the emotional quality of your relationships. When you can alter the emotions in your relationships you open up wholly new possibilities your life. Having a clear apprehension of your idea and. behavior forms helps you understand other people. This ability to sympathize facilitates better personal and professional relationships. Develop Self Awareness Self consciousness is developed through patterns in concentrating your attending on the inside informations of your personality and behavior. It isn’t learned from reading a book. When you read a book you are concentrating your attending on the conceptual thoughts in the book. With your attending in a book you are practising non paying attending to your ain behavior. emotions and personality. Think of larning to be aware and self cognizant as larning to dance. When larning to dance we have to pay attending to how and where our pess move. our custodies and organic structure gesture. what our spouse is making. music. round. floor infinite. and other terpsichoreans. Self awareness isn’t learned from books and the Tango isn’t either. In my old ages of survey and working with clients I have discovered many utile techniques that accelerate the acquisition. I have incorporated these techniques into the Self Mastery audio class. The first four Sessionss are available free. In the procedure of these Sessionss I am non stating anybody what to believe. how they should believe. or what they should make. I am fundamentally sharing with people exercisings in raising their ego consciousness. When you become more self aware you instinctively begin to see facets of your personality and behavior that you didn’t notice earlier. If you have an emotional reaction of choler or defeat. you notice many of the ideas and little triggers that build up towards those emotions. You besides notice minutes when you can alter the readings in your head. or non believe what we are believing. In this heightened consciousness you instinctively make better picks in your thought procedure long before an emotional reaction or destructive behavior. Making alterations in your behavior is much easier to make when you catch them early in the dynamic. before the impulse of idea and emotion has gathered steam. The alterations in your head . and behaviour become simple and easy stairss when you develop self consciousness. Self-Awareness Theory .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0 , .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0 .postImageUrl , .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0 , .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0:hover , .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0:visited , .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0:active { border:0!important; } .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0:active , .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0 .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u24493f001412c1ba94f11ca56b7d94c0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: ANIMAL SUFFERING: LEARNING NOT TO CARE AND NOT TO EssaySelf-Awareness Theory provinces that when we focus our attending on ourselves. we evaluate and compare our current behavior to our internal criterions and values. We become self-aware as nonsubjective judges of ourselves. However self-awareness is non to be confused with self-consciousness. Assorted emotional provinces are intensified by self-awareness. However. some people may seek to increase their self-awareness through these mercantile establishments. Peoples are more likely to aline their behavior with their criterions when made self-aware. Peoples will be negatively affected if they don’t live up to their personal criterions. Assorted environmental cues and state of affairss induce consciousness of the ego. such as mirrors. an audience. or being videotaped or recorded. These cues besides increase truth of personal memory. In Demetriou’s theory. one of the neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development. self-awareness develops consistently from birth through the life span and it is a major factor for the development of general illative procedures. Furthermore. a series of recent surveies showed that self-awareness about cognitive procedures participates in general intelligence on a par with treating efficiency maps. such as working memory. treating velocity. and concluding. In psychological science. the construct of â€Å"self-awareness† is used in different ways: * As a signifier of intelligence. self-awareness can be an apprehension of one’s ain cognition. attitudes. and opinions– a critical apprehension of oneself. Surprisingly we do non hold a privileged entree to our ain sentiments and knowledge straight. For case. if we try to recite all the members of any conceptual class we know. our production falls much short o f our acknowledgment of members of that class.

Essay on The Cyber Security Of Communications Systems Essay Example For Students

Essay on The Cyber Security Of Communications Systems Essay The cyber security of communications systems is the vulnerability of our communications to information welfare. Communications systems are a critical component of our national security and emergency preparedness resources. Information exchange through voice data, video, and internet connectivity are the major supporting factors and constitute an important part of the overall national critical infrastructure. There are many different jobs within this field that require a broad range of knowledge, skills and abilities. As a college student, when looking for pathways or different programs into cyber security make sure to research and pick your focus, then you can become an expert in that area. Cyber security positions are in high demand, but don’t use that as an excuse to take the easy way in. Now more than ever we need highly educated and experienced workers to help make our critical infrastructure more secure.Disruptions in the networks and lapses in security now place lives, jobs, our economy, and well-being at risk. Cyber security protects the information that flows through broadband communications networks. Individuals are constantly using email or online websites and we need to ensure that it remains â€Å"private to preventing foreign governments from infiltrating our Nation’s most critical infrastructure,† says Bill Lane. Just this year in July the U. S. was on top of three on four categories for the second month in a row (as seen in the chart on the next page).A simple trip to the ATM, filing our taxes online, filling out employment forms, or even checking out at the grocery store can change the trajectory of our finances in mere seconds. In June, hackers were able to procure 100,000 tax returns and requested 15,000 fra. .ty threat becomes an actual attack? If the entity is insured, the entity should be able to rely on its insurance policy to cover the loss, but if the entity fails to give the insurer timely notice in the manner of conforming the term of policy, the insurer may disclaim coverage. The insured may have little information and the insurer will insist it is not in light of the minimalist nature of the unclassified report. The government may know the details of the planned attack and give out information to advert the danger, but could back fire and end up jeopardizing the entity’s ability to recover from any loss. Simple ways people could keep personal information safe online is by setting strong passwords, keeping everything up to date by installing updates, limit personal information posted online and use privacy settings, and avoid things that are too good to be true.?

Barnstorming essays

Barnstorming essays Barnstorming: The Wings of Superman Welcome ladies and gentlemen, this is your captain speaking. We are traveling at a maximum speed, and at an altitude of 28,000 feet. There will be no seatbelts, or brakes, so please sit back and enjoy the flight. Would you pay five bucks a pop to fly with a barnstormer? What is a barnstormer? A barnstormer is someone who performs dangerous stunts with an airplane. These dare-devils were called flying circuses, (Hanson78) they would fly low to the ground, stood and walked on wings, or dipped and looped in mid-air. Everyday, these barnstormers would put their lives at risk for public applause. Soon, technology stepped in and scientists and inventors came up with new ideas to make the biplane safer. This fact is what really crashed a barnstormers hopes, No longer would there be that death-defying pilot who flew with the knowledge at the seat of his pants. The commercial air transportation business started off by carrying mail, then cargo, and later passengers. Business boomed after the 1920s and into the 1930s. Controlled airplanes and big money got the best of small time fun. The technology of aviation was a result of barnstorming individualists who put their lives in danger. Background and History of Barnstorming To become a barnstormer, was to express an independent and romantic side. From the 1800s up into the 1900s, it was all about being quiet, calm, and following the rules. The roaring twenties changed all of that; women were actually doing things that men did. Women wanted rights with being able to vote and they wanted the right to be able to fly an airplane as well. Amelia Earhart was one of those individualists who broke out of the 1800s. Even though Colonel Billy Mitchell was the first to fly around the world in 1924. Amelia was the first woman to fly around the world from west to east in June 1937, (refer t...

Beatrice and Catherine play Essays

Beatrice and Catherine play Essays Beatrice and Catherine play Paper Beatrice and Catherine play Paper Beatrice is a woman who often likes to talk about how shes feeling and shows her anxiety to Eddie openly, Im just telling you I done what you want! Shes constantly standing by Eddie, even though she knows hes done a terrible thing by calling in the authorities. Through it all Eddie eventually comes back to Beatrice as he dies in her arms: My B.!  Rodolpho is an American enthusiast; hence the singing of Paper Doll (an American song) and the spending of money on fashionable clothes and records, of which Eddie disapproves. Rodolphos constant smiling and affection makes the audience begin to like him, and feel sympathy for him. When Marco and Rodolpho arrive in Act One, Eddie takes an instant dislike to Rodolpho because of the obvious attraction between Catherine and Rodolpho. The stage direction He is coming more and more to address Marco only shows that Rodolpho has started to irritate Eddie, and he doesnt like having an unmarried man in his house. The attraction between Rodolpho and Catherine becomes most evident to Eddie in the last two lines of this part of the act, when Catherine says to Rodolpho, you like sugar? and he replies, Sugar? Yes! I like sugar very much!. Taken literally, Catherine is in fact offering Rodolpho sugar for his coffee, but there is also a possibility of a hidden meaning. By this time Eddie has become insanely jealous, because giving someone sugar can also means giving someone some love. Eddie often tries to discredit Rodolpho, first by implying that Rodolpho is not serious about his relationship with Catherine and is merely in search of an American citizenship, when that fails he comes to believe Rodolpho is a homosexual and tries to show up his effeminate side, in contrast to himself. However hes careful to never actually say homosexual and tells Alfieri that he aint right and you could kiss him, he was so was so sweet. Towards the end of the play, Marco becomes much more important. Marco is a man of actions rather than words, and is often silent. He has difficulty speaking English which also adds to his belief in actions speaking louder than words. Marco came to the U.S.A out of love for his family and clearly misses them, and also feels a responsibility for Rodolpho, as well as the community. When Eddie attempts a joke about the surprises awaiting men in Italy after working in the U.S.A for many years, Marco corrects him and sees nothing funny in the suggestion. In the first act when Marco raises the chair like a weapon to threaten Eddie, it allows him to express an idea wish he would not wish to put into words. At first it is Rodolpho who Eddie wants to eliminate, but after Marco spits in his face and announces I accuse that one when Eddies betrays them and calls the authorities, Eddies war is with the elder brother. In effect, a challenge has been issued by Marco, Marcos got my name. and contradicting Marco is Eddies only way of trying to recover his lost name. Marco feels very strongly about family values and tells Alfieri that in his home country Eddie would already be dead for what he has done, and feels even more strongly than Eddie does the values which Eddie expresses in telling the story of Vinnie Bolzano, the stool pigeon. Being the 1940s, Catherine and Beatrice are often restricted by Eddie as head of the household. Catherine feels obliged to obey him because he has been like a father to her, and doesnt think its right if he does not agree with her marriage to Rodolpho. Her loving respectful attitude towards him slowly dissolves and turns to hate in Act Two, where she calls him a rat. Beatrice on the other hand remains devoted to Eddie through the whole play, and stands by him even when she knows Eddie has done something awful. Even when Eddie demeans her, by saying that she is his wife and should obey him, she still stands by him. This is also shown by the way she reacts when she is told that she cant go to Catherines wedding or she no longer lives in the same household. Another example of Eddie being a man of his time is in Act Two where he returns home after ringing the immigration bureau. He is really paranoid and anxious, so he starts to take it out on Beatrice. I dont like the way you talk to me, Beatrice and I want my respect Eddie, as a man of his time, is also unable to express his emotions and keeps them locked inside to show his masculinity. Eddie: Pause, he cant speak, then I cant, I cant talk about it. He is at war with his inner self because he cant admit, even to himself, that he likes Catherine and is in denial and disgusted at himself. His inability to express his emotions is an act of defence, to avoid showing his weakness and insecurities. The tension in A View from the Bridge rises and drops deliberately, the high moments of tension being: the chair scene; the kiss scene; Marco spitting in Eddies face; and the fight at the end. The chair scene raises the audiences tension because it is surprising. Not much is known about Marco, he remains mysterious throughout the first Act. When he raises the chair as a weapon, it shocks the audience and at the same time gives a very slight insight into Marcos protective personality. In effect, it makes the audience curious as well as slightly worried because it gives a sense of foreboding. With the audience still tense, the second act opens with a series of events that relies on stage action, as a drunken Eddie kisses both Catherine and Rodolpho. He kisses Catherine to show her how a real man kisses and kisses Rodolpho to show Catherine that he enjoys it, to humiliate him and to show that his failure to resist is significant. By now Eddie will have lost the audiences sympathy, and in 1955 when the play was first performed, the double kiss would have been extremely shocking.  Later during Act Two while being dragged out by the immigration officers, Marco spits in Eddies face. Then outside the apartment in front of all the neighbours, Marco reveals that it was Eddie who called the immigration bureau and accuses him by screaming, That one! He killed my children! It is at this point when Marco steals Eddies name. The real climax of the play is when Marco is coming to punish Eddie, while Eddie, in return, is demanding his name back. As said before Marco thinks it is dishonourable to let Eddie live but has given his word not to kill him. When Eddie pulls out a knife, Marco can see justice done. Eddie literally dies by his own hand which is holding the knife, but has also metaphorically destroyed himself over the whole course of the play. The death of Eddie is not particularly shocking, and gives the audience time to recover and reflect what has just happened. The anticipation of the fight is the major climax. It could be described like a showdown on a western. Miller uses a range of dramatic devices to increase the tension in the play. The use of Italian and Sicilian immigrants enables Miller to make them more or less inarticulate in English. Alfieri is the only educated speaker of English and for this reason can explain Eddies actions to us. Eddie uses a naturalistic Brooklyn slang e.g. quicker for more quickly. If the dialect was different, or more articulate it wouldnt have had the same gritty realistic effect. Action and stage directions are very important in this play, because of Eddies and Marcos limitations as speakers, and purely because some matters cannot be discussed and are shown by gestures instead. The stage directions define each character. At high moments of tension or climaxes Miller often adds in very striking action. For example the climax of Act One, when Eddie tries to humiliate Rodolpho by teaching him to box, while Macro silently watched what was happening. As Eddie throws a punch which staggers Rodolpho, Marco shows the danger Eddie is inviting by threatening Rodolpho, by lifting the chair as a weapon. The structure of the play is quite simple. Miller used the two acts to mark a division in Eddies story, and within these acts are scenes, which are split by Alfieris talks/monologues and are narrated in a linear fashion but with gaps in time. The lighting is used theatrically, a significant use being the phone booth, which glows brighter and brighter signalling Eddies realisation then determination to call the immigration bureau. The area in use is lighted if needed, other wise it is dark. The blackouts give a moment of reflection, leaving the audience to dwell on the events of the play. It is said that Miller wanted to make A View from the Bridge a modern equivalent of a Greek tragedy, which has: a central character that has a fatal flaw, e.g. Eddie with his love for Catherine, and therefore his jealousy and a Greek chorus. The chorus was a group of people who watched the play, commented on it and addressed the audience directly. In A View from the Bridge Alfieri is the equivalent to the chorus, and after Eddie, is probably the most important role in the play. Alfieri moves time on, directs the audience in their thoughts and feelings, anticipates what will happen and establishes character, He was a good a man as he had to be. His words are constantly full of foreboding, Another lawyer sat there as powerless as I and watched it run its bloody course but he doesnt try to alter the course. Alfieri is at battle with himself, not knowing how involved he should get. He repeatedly tells Eddie not to get involved, to let Catherine go. As Eddie contemplates betrayal, Alfieri reads his mind and warns him: You wont have a friend in the worldput it out of your mind.  At the end of a scene, as the light goes up on Alfieri, the audience is challenged to make a judgement.  A View from the Bridge is not a pleasant play nor is it meant to be. I personally enjoyed it because it was gripping, and there are subtle metaphors scattered throughout. The issues represented still apply to this day, trust being tested now more than ever. It leaves philosophical and moral questions lingering in our mind, such as who is responsible for Eddies death? It could be argued that Beatrice and Catherine played a part to Eddies downfall, however I would disagree. They couldnt be blamed for Eddies attraction and lust for Catherine, because preventing love is impossible. A View from the Bridge couldnt end any other way, if Eddie had not died, he would have suffered humiliation and shame for the rest of his life, which would probably lead to suicide, death being inevitable. Would I be able to cope in his position and resist that act of desperation? In all honesty, I dont think I could, its just a matter of time until the wall of denial would crumble, eventually giving in to acceptance and desperation. A View from the Bridge is a well written play; it appeals to our hearts, but makes us think with our heads.